S. Hemalatha

B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology

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S. Ranjani

B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology

Tahira Akther

B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology

Mohd Shahanbaj Khan

B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology

Parimal Roy

Stamford University Bangladesh

Ubaid Rasool

B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology

Mohammad Waseem

University of Maryland Eastern Shore

S Jaisree

Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University

Karunya Jenin Ravindranath

B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology

Noorul Samsoon Maharifa Haja Mohaideen

B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology

K. Kumanan

Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University

Cooperative Institutions

B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology

141

Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University

University of Kashmir

Annamalai University

Government Kilpauk Medical College

Anna University, Chennai

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

Jamia Millia Islamia

Bharathidasan University

Madras Medical College

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COVID-19 influenced gut dysbiosis, post-acute sequelae, immune regulation, and therapeutic regimens

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology (2024)

Sterlin T. Raj Alexander W. Bruce Muralidharan Anbalagan S. Hemalatha Sasikala Chinnappan

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has garnered unprecedented global attention. It caused over 2.47 million deaths through various syndromes such as acute respiratory distress, hypercoagulability, and multiple organ failure. The viral invasion proceeds through the ACE2 receptor, expressed in multiple cell types, and in some patients caused serious damage to tissues, organs, immune cells, and the microbes that colonize the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Some patients who survived the SARS-CoV-2 infection have developed months of persistent long-COVID-19 symptoms or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Diagnosis of these patients has revealed multiple biological effects, none of which are mutually exclusive. However, the severity of COVID-19 also depends on numerous comorbidities such as obesity, age, diabetes, and hypertension and care must be taken with respect to other multiple morbidities, such as host immunity. Gut microbiota in relation to SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology is considered to evolve COVID-19 progression via mechanisms of biochemical metabolism, exacerbation of inflammation, intestinal mucosal secretion, cytokine storm, and immunity regulation. Therefore, modulation of gut microbiome equilibrium through food supplements and probiotics remains a hot topic of current research and debate. In this review, we discuss the biological complications of the physio-pathological effects of COVID-19 infection, GIT immune response, and therapeutic pharmacological strategies. We also summarize the therapeutic targets of probiotics, their limitations, and the efficacy of preclinical and clinical drugs to effectively inhibit the spread of SARS-CoV-2.

Cytokine Storm

Dysbiosis

Tocilizumab

Coronavirus

10.3389/fcimb.2024.1384939

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Citations (8)

Screening the Effectiveness of Kabasura Kudineer against COVID 19 and Immune Proteins in Humans: In silico

Coronaviruses (2023)

Architha Vijayalakshmi S. Hemalatha

Background: The advent of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) triggered a pandemic known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the twenty-first century. Recent research has revealed several details about SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, which has greatly boosted research on COVID-19 vaccines and therapy methods for all the COVID variants. However, significant doubts about its treatment persist due to its fast mutating capability and its resistance to various drugs administered. Thus, there is a need for a cure to treat all the variants and their side effects. Objective: The main aim of this study is to check 1) the effectiveness of Kabasura Kudineer against COVID 19 2) the side effects of Kabasura Kudineer with the help of immune proteins in humans Methods: The molecular docking was carried out between SARS-CoV-2 proteins and immune proteins in humans against Kabasura Kudineer compounds. The ADMET was also carried out to check the Pharmacokinetics. Results: The results showed that chebulagic acid from Terminalia chebula has good binding capability with all the chosen targets1. The drug likeliness screening also proved it a good drug candidate. Conclusion: Siddha way of treatment has popped out which has been traditionally used for the treatment of viral respiratory infections. The formulation called Kabasura Kudineer has been proven to have antiviral agents and compounds that boost the immune system

Siddha

Pandemic

Coronavirus

Terminalia chebula

10.2174/0126667975281429231206073959

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Citations (0)

Myconanoparticles Break Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (2022)

S. Janarthanan S. Ranjani S. Hemalatha

Acinetobacter baumannii

Pathogenic bacteria

Aspergillus niger

Penicillin binding proteins

10.1007/s12010-022-04125-x

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Citations (7)

Cell Wall Genomics in the Recombinogenic Moss Physcomitrella patens

Springer eBooks (2010)

Michael Lawton S. Hemalatha

Physcomitrella patens

Cellulosic ethanol

10.1007/978-0-387-92740-4_14

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Citations (6)

Novel Polyherbal Nanocolloids to Control Bovine Mastitis

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (2021)

S. Ranjani P. Shruthy Priya Maroudam Veerasami S. Hemalatha

Acinetobacter baumannii

Terminalia chebula

10.1007/s12010-021-03748-w

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Citations (16)

Effect of Reduced Graphene Oxide modified with Citric Acid dispersed in Pogamia Oil as a Potential Insulating Fluid in Power Transformer

2021 IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Computing and Communication Technologies (CONECCT) (2023)

M. Srininvasan Raymon Antony Raj A. Akshitha S. Hemalatha S. Kowsik

Power transmission and distribution heavily rely on transformers. The primary insulator that affects how effectively a power transformer functions is liquid dielectrics. Powerful electrical insulator transformer oil, commonly known as Mineral Oil (MO), retains its stability at extreme temperatures. This research focuses on a native to India's non-edible natural ester known as Pongamia Pinnata Oil or Pongamia Oil (PO). Due to the presence of glycerol in oil, the PO naturally has low dielectric dissipation constant but high dielectric breakdown voltage and flash/fire points. The work's major objective is to remove the catalytic glycerol that is present in the PO utilizing a two-stage esterification process that uses acid and base catalysts while keeping a high molar ratio of oil to alcohol that is larger than the stochiometric ratio (1:3). On the other hand, to improve the dielectric characteristics of the modified PO known as Pongamia Oil Methyl Ester, conductive nanoparticles like Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) are employed as nanoparticles (POME). A catalytic heterogeneous catalyst called citric acid (CA), which lessens electrostatic repulsion and improves the floating capacities of the nanocarriers in POME, is coated on the RGO. The measurement conducted in accordance with ASTM, IEC, and ISO standards revealed an improvement in the performance of the dielectric characteristics. As a result, the suggested POME combined with CA-coated RGO improves the oil's dielectric characteristics while also acting as a charge trapper to lower the space charge in the oil and lessen risks.

10.1109/conecct57959.2023.10234793

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Removal of Lead Cations by Novel Organoclays Derived from Bentonite and Amphoteric and Nonionic Surfactants

Toxics (2024)

Maria M. Gertsen Leonid Perelomov Anna S. Kharkova Marina Burachevskaya S. Hemalatha

For many decades, natural and modified clay minerals have been used as adsorbents to clean up aquatic and soil ecosystems contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants. In this study, organoclays based on bentonite and various amphoteric and nonionic surfactants were synthesized and tested as effective sorbents for lead ions. The maximum values of R were obtained when describing the sorption processes using the Langmuir model, which ranged from 0.97 to 0.99. The adsorption of lead ions by these organoclays was investigated using different sorption models including the Langmuir, Freundlich, and BET. It was found that, according to the values of limiting adsorption to the Langmuir equation, the synthesized organoclays formed an increasing series: organoclay with cocamide diethanolamine < bentonite < organoclay with lauramine oxide < organoclay with sodium cocoiminodipropionate < organoclay with disodium cocoamphodiacetate < organoclay with alkyl polyglucoside. The Gibbs energy for all of the analyzed samples was calculated and found to be negative, indicating the spontaneity of the cation adsorption process in the forward direction. The maximum value of the adsorption capacity of lead cations on organoclay-based bentonite with alkyl polyglucoside was 1.49 ± 0.05 mmol/g according to the Langmuir model, and 0.523 ± 0.003 mmol/g as determined by the BET model. In the process of modifying bentonite, there was an increase in negative values of the zeta potential for organoclays compared to the initial mineral, which clearly enhanced their electrostatic interactions with the positively charged lead ions. It was hypothesized, based on the physicochemical principles, that exchange adsorption is the main mechanism for lead absorption. Based on chemical approaches, organoclays based on amphoteric surfactants absorb lead mainly through the mechanisms of electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and complexation as well as the formation of insoluble precipitates. Organoclays based on nonionic surfactants, on the other hand, absorb lead through mechanisms of complexation (including chelation) and the formation of insoluble chemical precipitates. The comparison of isotherms from different models allows us to find the most accurate match between the model and the experimental data, and to better understand the nature of the processes involved.

Organoclay

Bentonite

Langmuir adsorption model

10.3390/toxics12100713

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Citations (2)

Phytoconstituents from Gelidiella acerosa induce apoptosis by regulating Bax, Bcl2 expression in A549 cells

Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology (2020)

S. M. Fazeela Mahaboob Begum S. Hemalatha

Phytochemical

MTT assay

IC50

10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101757

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Citations (9)

Synthesis and application of silver nanoparticles using Cissus quadrangularis

Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry (2020)

Sai Shoei S. Ranjani S. Hemalatha

This current study mainly focuses on synthesis of silver nanoparticles in an eco-friendly method using Cissus quadrangularis (CqNp), its characterization and understanding its potential biomedical applications. The CqNp's were confirmed using UV-vis spectroscopy, FT-IR and the structure of the nanoparticles were analyzed by FESEM and EDAX. Anti-oxidant assay conducted with the plant and the CqNp's, against the standard ascorbic acid showed its potential to be an antioxidant agent. α-amylase inhibition assay revealed the effectiveness of the CqNp's which were almost similar to that of the standard acarbose. Molecular docking was performed for the plant compounds kaempferol and quercetin to find its binding energy, interacting residues and type of interaction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on confirming the antioxidant and α-amylase inhibition potential of Cissus quadrangularis mediated nanoparticles (CqNps). Hence, this green approach can be further utilized to develop a potent anti-diabetic drug.

Silver nanoparticle

Acarbose

10.1080/24701556.2020.1862219

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Citations (19)

Pathogenesis in Mosses

Annual Plant Reviews online (2017)

Michael Lawton S. Hemalatha

Physcomitrella patens is an emerging model system for functional studies of plant–pathogen interactions. The ability to create gene knockouts and site‐specific mutations in any gene, coupled with other features, such as dominance of the haploid phase, simple anatomical organization and ease of growth and propagation, allow P. patens to be used as a ‘green yeast’ in experiments with pathogens and pathogen‐derived inducers of the defence response. P. patens has been shown to be susceptible to a range of necrotrophic bacterial and fungal pathogens, which are able to infect and multiply on the plant. Many of the cellular and molecular responses of P. patens to attempted infection are similar to those observed in seed plants, and include the production of reactive oxygen species, the synthesis of secondary metabolites, changes in genes expression and the activation of a programmed cell death pathway (PCD). Pathogen‐derived elicitors, toxins and pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) can also induce many of these responses. Gene knockouts confirm that this response is under genetic control and show that this model system can be used to examine other aspects of plant–pathogen interactions. We review our current understanding of P. patens pathology and defence responses and discuss how this system can be used to study plant defence signaling pathways, and to characterize the functional contributions of defence genes to the expression of disease resistance. We also discuss how genomic and other large‐scale approaches might be used for de novo gene discovery in this system.

Physcomitrella patens

Gene knockout

Model Organism

10.1002/9781119312994.apr0395

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Citations (0)