Antoine Doche

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

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S. Corde

Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée

K. Ta Phuoc

Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications

A. Döpp

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

V. Malka

Weizmann Institute of Science

C. Thaury

Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée

Bernard Mahieu

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

J. M. Allen

University College London

Navid Vafaei-Najafabadi

Stony Brook University

J. Frederico

SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

A. Lifschitz

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Cooperative Institutions

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées

École Polytechnique

SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée

Université Paris-Saclay

University of California, Los Angeles

Menlo School

ParisTech

Stony Brook University

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Stable femtosecond X-rays with tunable polarization from a laser-driven accelerator

Light Science & Applications (2017)

A. Döpp Bernard Mahieu A. Lifschitz C. Thaury Antoine Doche

Technology based on high-peak-power lasers has the potential to provide compact and intense radiation sources for a wide range of innovative applications. In particular, electrons that are accelerated in the wakefield of an intense laser pulse oscillate around the propagation axis and emit X-rays. This betatron source, which essentially reproduces the principle of a synchrotron at the millimeter scale, provides bright radiation with femtosecond duration and high spatial coherence. However, despite its unique features, the usability of the betatron source has been constrained by its poor control and stability. In this article, we demonstrate the reliable production of X-ray beams with tunable polarization. Using ionization-induced injection in a gas mixture, the orbits of the relativistic electrons emitting the radiation are reproducible and controlled. We observe that both the signal and beam profile fluctuations are significantly reduced and that the beam pointing varies by less than a tenth of the beam divergence. The polarization ratio reaches 80%, and the polarization axis can easily be rotated. We anticipate a broad impact of the source, as its unprecedented performance opens the way for new applications.

Betatron

10.1038/lsa.2017.86

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Citations (55)

Stable and polarized Betatron x-ray radiation from a laser plasma accelerator in ionization injection regime

arXiv (Cornell University) (2015)

Andreas Doepp Bernard Mahieu Antoine Doche C. Thaury E. Guillaume

Betatron x-ray source from laser plasma interaction combines high brightness, few femtosecond duration and broad band energy spectrum. However, despite these unique features the Betatron source has a crippling drawback preventing its use for applications. Its properties significantly vary shot-to-shot and none of the developments performed so far resolved this problem. In this letter we present a simple method that allows to produce stable and bright Betatron x-ray beams. In addition, we demonstrate that this scheme provides polarized and easily tunable radiation. Experimental results show that the pointing stability is better than 10% of the beam divergence, with flux fluctuation of the order of 20% and a polarization degree reaching up to 80%

Betatron

Plasma acceleration

10.48550/arxiv.1509.08629

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Probing ultrafast magnetic-field generation by current filamentation instability in femtosecond relativistic laser-matter interactions

Physical Review Research (2020)

Gaurav Raj Olena Kononenko M. Gilljohann Antoine Doche X. Davoine

This paper presents experimental measurements of the femtosecond timescale generation of magnetic field fluctuations exceeding 1 kT in relativistic laser-solid interaction, using a probe electron beam generated in a laser wakefield accelerator. Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate that such fluctuations originate from the current filamentation instability arising at submicron scales around the irradiated target surface, and that they grow in a few tens of femtoseconds to amplitudes strong enough to broaden the angular distribution of the probe electron bunch.

Filamentation

10.1103/physrevresearch.2.023123

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Measurement of Transverse Wakefields Induced by a Misaligned Positron Bunch in a Hollow Channel Plasma Accelerator

Physical Review Letters (2018)

C. A. Lindstrøm E. Adli J. M. Allen Weiming An C. Beekman

Hollow channel plasma wakefield acceleration is a proposed method to provide high acceleration gradients for electrons and positrons alike: a key to future lepton colliders. However, beams which are misaligned from the channel axis induce strong transverse wakefields, deflecting beams and reducing the collider luminosity. This undesirable consequence sets a tight constraint on the alignment accuracy of the beam propagating through the channel. Direct measurements of beam misalignment-induced transverse wakefields are therefore essential for designing mitigation strategies. We present the first quantitative measurements of transverse wakefields in a hollow plasma channel, induced by an off-axis 20 GeV positron bunch, and measured with another 20 GeV lower charge trailing positron probe bunch. The measurements are largely consistent with theory.

Plasma acceleration

Plasma channel

10.1103/physrevlett.120.124802

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Citations (42)

High-Brilliance Betatron γ -Ray Source Powered by Laser-Accelerated Electrons

Physical Review Letters (2018)

J. Ferri S. Corde A. Döpp A. Lifschitz Antoine Doche

Recent progress in laser-driven plasma acceleration now enables the acceleration of electrons to several gigaelectronvolts. Taking advantage of these novel accelerators, ultra-short, compact and spatially coherent X-ray sources called betatron radiation have been developed and applied to high-resolution imaging. However, the scope of the betatron sources is limited by a low energy efficiency and a photon energy in the 10's of kiloelectronvolt range, which for example prohibits the use of these sources for probing dense matter. Here, based on three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we propose an original hybrid scheme that combines a low-density laser-driven plasma accelerator with a high-density beam-driven plasma radiator, and thereby considerably increases the photon energy and the radiated energy of the betatron source. The energy efficiency is also greatly improved, with about 1% of the laser energy transferred to the radiation, and the gamma-ray photon energy exceeds the megaelectronvolt range when using a 15 J laser pulse. This high-brilliance hybrid betatron source opens the way to a wide range of applications requiring MeV photons, such as the production of medical isotopes with photo-nuclear reactions, radiography of dense objects in the defense or industrial domains and imaging in nuclear physics.

Betatron

Photon energy

10.1103/physrevlett.120.254802

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Citations (47)

Simulation of a brilliant betatron gamma-ray source from a two-stage wakefield accelerator

Bulletin of the American Physical Society (2017)

X. Davoine J. Ferri I. A. Andriyash S. Corde A. Döpp

Betatron

Source

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Particle acceleration with beam driven wakefield

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (2018)

Antoine Doche

Plasma wakefield accelerators (PWFA) or laser wakefield accelerators (LWFA) are new technologies of particle accelerators that are particularly promising, as they can provide accelerating fields of hundreds of Gigaelectronvolts per meter while conventional facilities are limited to hundreds of Megaelectronvolts per meter. In the Plasma Wakefield Acceleration scheme (PWFA) and the Laser Wakefield Acceleration scheme (LWFA), a bunch of particles or a laser pulse propagates in a gas, creating an accelerating structure in its wake: an electron density wake associated to electromagnetic fields in the plasma. The main achievement of this thesis is the very first demonstration and experimental study in 2016 of the Plasma Wakefield Acceleration of a distinct positron bunch. In the scheme considered in the experiment, a lithium plasma was created in an oven, and a plasma density wave was excited inside it by a first bunch of positrons (the drive bunch) while the energy deposited in the plasma was extracted by a second bunch (the trailing bunch). An accelerating field of 1.36 GeV/m was reached during the experiment, for a typical accelerated charge of 40 pC. In the present manuscript is also reported the feasibility of several regimes of acceleration, which opens promising prospects for plasma wakefield accelerator staging and future colliders. Furthermore, this thesis also reports the progresses made regarding a new scheme: the use of a LWFA-produced electron beam to drive plasma waves in a gas jet. In this second experimental study, an electron beam created by laser-plasma interaction is refocused by particle bunch-plasma interaction in a second gas jet. A study of the physical phenomena associated to this hybrid LWFA-PWFA platform is reported. Last, the hybrid LWFA-PWFA scheme is also promising in order to enhance the X-ray emission by the LWFA electron beam produced in the first stage of the platform. In the last chapter of this thesis is reported the first experimental realization of this last scheme, and its promising results are discussed.

Plasma acceleration

Source

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Citations (1)

Acceleration of a trailing positron bunch in a plasma wakefield accelerator

Scientific Reports (2017)

Antoine Doche C. Beekman S. Corde J. M. Allen C. I. Clarke

High gradients of energy gain and high energy efficiency are necessary parameters for compact, cost-efficient and high-energy particle colliders. Plasma Wakefield Accelerators (PWFA) offer both, making them attractive candidates for next-generation colliders. In these devices, a charge-density plasma wave is excited by an ultra-relativistic bunch of charged particles (the drive bunch). The energy in the wave can be extracted by a second bunch (the trailing bunch), as this bunch propagates in the wake of the drive bunch. While a trailing electron bunch was accelerated in a plasma with more than a gigaelectronvolt of energy gain, accelerating a trailing positron bunch in a plasma is much more challenging as the plasma response can be asymmetric for positrons and electrons. We report the demonstration of the energy gain by a distinct trailing positron bunch in a plasma wakefield accelerator, spanning nonlinear to quasi-linear regimes, and unveil the beam loading process underlying the accelerator energy efficiency. A positron bunch is used to drive the plasma wake in the experiment, though the quasi-linear wake structure could as easily be formed by an electron bunch or a laser driver. The results thus mark the first acceleration of a distinct positron bunch in plasma-based particle accelerators.

Plasma acceleration

10.1038/s41598-017-14524-4

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Citations (37)

Acceleration of a Positron Bunch in a Hollow Channel Plasma

arXiv (Cornell University) (2023)

Spencer Gessner E. Adli J. M. Allen Weiming An C. Clarke

Plasmas are a compelling medium for particle acceleration owing to their natural ability to sustain electric fields that are orders of magnitude larger than those available in conventional radio-frequency accelerators. Plasmas are also unique amongst accelerator technologies in that they respond differently to beams of opposite charge. The asymmetric response of a plasma to highly-relativistic electron and positron beams arises from the fact that plasmas are composed of light, mobile electrons and heavy, stationary ions. Hollow channel plasma acceleration is a technique for symmetrizing the response of the plasma, such that it works equally well for high-energy electron and positron beams. In the experiment described here, we demonstrate the generation of a positron beam-driven wake in an extended, annular plasma channel, and acceleration of a second trailing witness positron bunch by the wake. The leading bunch excites the plasma wakefield and loses energy to the plasma, while the witness bunch experiences an accelerating field and gains energy, thus providing a proof-of-concept for hollow channel acceleration of positron beams. At a bunch separation of 330 um, the accelerating gradient is 70 MV/m, the transformer ratio is 0.55, and the energy transfer efficiency is 18% for a drive-to-witness beam charge ratio of 5:1.

Plasma acceleration

Plasma channel

10.48550/arxiv.2304.01700

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Citations (1)

Stable, polarized betatron radiation: x-ray absorption spectroscopy in WDM unveiling ultrafast electron heating (Conference Presentation)

Bernard Mahieu A. Döpp A. Lifschitz Antoine Doche C. Thaury

Betatron radiation from laser-plasma accelerators reproduces the principle of a synchrotron on a millimeter scale, but featuring femtosecond duration. Here we present the outcome of our latest developments, which now allow us to produce stable and polarized X-ray bursts. Moreover, the X-ray polarization can simply be adjusted by tuning the polarization of the laser driving the process. The excellent stability of the source is expressed in terms of pointing, flux, transverse distribution and critical energy of the spectrum. These combined features make our betatron source particularly suitable for applications in ultrafast X-ray science. In this presentation we will describe the generation process, relying on the ionization injection scheme for laser-plasma acceleration. We will show experimental measurements, numerical results and first applications in time-resolved spectroscopy.

Betatron

Plasma acceleration

10.1117/12.2265874

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