Microbial antagonism has been applied in food preservation since ancient times. Bacteria may elicit several mechanisms to displace competitors, such as production of antimicrobial substances, a faster growth rate or competition for space and nutrients available. This natural phenomenon can be exploited in the preservation of fresh produce products. Microbial cultures able to outcompete pathogenic or spoilage bacteria could be applied as inoculants or protective cultures on the food surfaces. The efficacy of protective cultures depends on the capacity to grow and/or produce antimicrobial substances under the low temperature conditions usually employed in food processing and distribution. In addition, protective cultures must be safe to human and animal health, and not cause any detrimental effects on the organoleptic properties of produce.
Motivacion: En la busqueda de alimentos mas naturales y sometidos a tratamientos menos agresivos nuestras investigaciones se han centrado en la bioconservacion de alimentos, ya sea mediante la utilizacion de sustancias naturales, como las bacteriocinas, o mediante metodologias actuales, como son las altas presiones hidrostaticas (HHP), proceso no termico que permite conservar las propiedades nutritivas de los alimentos, tales como las vitaminas y otros compuestos bioactivos, a la vez que prolongan su vida util sin necesidad de utilizar conservantes quimicos. Metodos: Hemos estudiado el control de patogenos en alimentos vegetales procesados mediante el uso de las HHP o bien mediante el uso combinado con bioconservantes, asi hemos trabajado en el control de Staphylococcus aureus en arroz con leche mediante HHP y combinaciones de antimicrobianos naturales (nisina, AS-48, canela y aceite de clavo) (Perez-Pulido et al., 2012), en el control de Salmonella con HHP en tortillas de patatas conservadas a temperaturas de refrigeracion y sometidas o no a un abuso de temperatura puntual (6 h a 22 oC) (Toledo et al., 2012), y por ultimo hemos trabajado en pulpa de chirimoya contaminada con flora superficial de la fruta y tratada con HHP y la bacteriocina AS-48, estudiando la evolucion de las diferentes poblaciones microbianas mediante pirosecuenciacion (Perez-Pulido et al., 2015). Tambien, hemos trabajado en la obtencion de productos novedosos, como aceitunas de mesa bajas en sal y estabilizadas mediante HHP (Abriouel et al., 2014). Resultados: Los tratamientos de HHP en arroz con leche nos han mostrado que los mejores resultados se obtienen cuando combinamos las HHP con antimicrobianos, el mismo resultado se encontro en los experimentos hechos sobre pulpa de chirimoya, mostrandonos como la utilizacion de antimicrobianos naturales tienen un efecto sinergico en combinacion con las HHP. En el caso de la tortilla de patatas los tratamientos de HHP reducen notablemente las poblaciones de Salmonella, con ligeras recuperaciones durante el almacenamiento, y sobre todo en las muestras sometidas a abuso de temperatura, mostrandonos como el abuso de temperatura puede comprometer los tratamientos de HHP dados a los alimentos. En cuanto a los experimentos sobre aceitunas, conseguimos un producto con baja concentracion de sal, que se mantiene estable durante mas de 5 meses, obteniendo un alimento interesante para hipertensos.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
A draft genome of the putatively antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli strain ANGUJ1, which was isolated from calf intestine from Boyacá, Colombia, is reported. The genome possessed genetic determinants for antibiotic resistance and multicompound resistance efflux pumps. In silico prediction analysis suggests phenotypic resistance to six classes of antibiotics plus aldehyde and peroxide.
Plastic is a highly used material in various sectors. Due to its plentiful availability in the environment, microorganism surface contamination is a risk. The aim of this work is to achieve bactericidal capacity in plastics that reduces the microorganism's colonization risk and, consequently, reduces the chances of having an infection with E. coli and Listeria monocytogenes bacteria. Using polylactic acid (PLA) as the polymeric matrix, mixtures in concentrations of metal additive of ions of silver (Ag) R148 and S254 in 1% and 2% have been studied and manufactured. The materials are developed on an industrial scale through a process that proceeds as follows: (I) a mixture of polymer and additive in a double-screw compounder to obtain the compound in different concentrations, (II) the manufacture of filaments with a single-screw extruder, (III) 3D printing parts. Therefore, materials are evaluated in the form of powder, pellets and printed pieces to ensure their antibacterial effectiveness throughout the manufacturing process. The results of the research show antibacterial effectiveness for E. coli and Listeria monocytogenes of metal additives and polymeric compounds for all manufacturing phases on an industrial scale, with the effectiveness for additive R148 predominating at a concentration of 2%, demonstrating its microbial efficacy on surfaces with potential application in medicine.