Abstract Background: Early mobilization of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with positive health benefits. The available literature does not provide insights into the current status of physical therapy practice in the ICU in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). To determine the current standard of ICU physical therapy practice, attitude, and barriers, an online survey was administered to KSA physiotherapists (PTs) working in the hospitals. Methods: A total of 124 PTs volunteered to participate, and the questionnaire consisted of closed-ended questions with regard to their experiences, qualifications, barriers, and most frequently encountered case scenarios in the ICU. Results: The most commonly referred cases were traumatic paraplegia (n=111, 89%) and stroke (n=102, 82.3%) compared to congestive road traffic accidents (n=20, 16.1%) and pulmonary infections (n=7, 5.6%). The preferred treatment of choice among PTs was chest physiotherapy (n=102, 82.2%) and positioning (n=73, 58.8%), whereas functional electrical stimulation (n=12, 9.6%) was the least preferred choice of physical therapy, irrespective of the condition. The perceived barriers in ICU physical therapy management was low confidence in managing cases (n=89, 71.7%), followed by inadequate training (n=53, 42.7%), and the least mentioned barrier was a communication gap among the critical care team members (n=8, 6.4%). Conclusion: PTs reported significant variation in the choice of treatment for different clinical case scenarios in the ICU. Several facilitators and barriers to physical therapy management should be taken into account to improve ICU recovery. Among the most important barriers are low confidence and inadequate training and strategies needed to overcome these barriers.
The use of telehealth interventions has been evaluated in different perspectives in women and also supported with various clinical trials, but its overall efficacy is still ascertained. The objective of the present review is to identify, appraise and analyze randomized controlled trials on breast cancer survivors who have participated in technology-based intervention programs incorporating a wide range of physical and psychological outcome measures.We conducted electronic search of the literature during last twenty years i.e., from 2001 till August 10, 2021 through four databases. Standardized mean difference with 95% confidence interval was used.A total of 56 records were included in the qualitative and 28 in quantitative analysis. Pooled results show that telehealth interventions were associated with improved quality of life (SMD 0.48, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.92, p=0.04), reduced depression (SMD -1.27, 95% CI =-2.43 to -0.10 p=0.03), low distress and less perceived stress (SMD -0.40, 95% CI =-0.68 to -0.12, p=0.005). However, no significant differences were observed on weight change (SMD -0.27, 95% CI =-2.39 to 1.86, p=0.81) and anxiety scores (SMD -0.09, 95% CI =-0.20 to 0.02, p=0.10) between the two groups. Improvement in health care competence and fitness among participants was also reported.Study concludes that telehealth care is a quick, convenient and assuring approach to breast cancer care in women that can reduce treatment burden and subsequent disturbance to the lives of breast cancer survivors.
Generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) is common among schoolchildren and usually benign.However, it may progressively lead to joint pain and developmental delay.Identifying GJH in school-aged children would facilitate the monitoring of early changes and planning for early rehabilitative intervention.Epidemiological studies addressing the prevalence of GJH among children in the Gulf region and Arab ethnicity are lacking.Hence, we aimed to determine the prevalence, pattern, and factors associated with GJH among school-aged children in the Majmaah region, Saudi Arabia.Male and female school-aged children 8-14 years of age from the Majmaah region of Saudi Arabia participated in this cross-sectional study.Beighton score was used to assess GJH.Personal characteristics such as age, height, weight, body mass index, and handedness were also collected.Descriptive statistics were obtained for personal characteristics, the point prevalence of hypermobility, frequency of Beighton score distribution, and prevalence of GJH.The associations between specific factors and the presence of GJH were analyzed using chi-square and Mann-whitney tests.Using the Beighton score cutoff ≥4 and ≥6, 15.2% and 7.6% of the school children in our study were diagnosed with GJH respectively.The prevalence of GJH was higher among females (16.8%) than among males (13.4%), but the difference was not statistically significant.The elbow joints (17.2%) were the most common hypermobile joints and the trunk (0.7%) was the least involved.The children with GJH were younger and had lesser BMI compared to children without GJH (P<0.05).The prevalence reported in this study among school-aged children was comparable with those reported worldwide.
The smartphone emerges as an inevitable gadget in modern society and its increased usage results in neck disorders among its users. However, the factors associated with neck disorders among smartphone users are ambiguous and less explored in the literature. The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of text neck posture, smartphone addiction/overuse, and its association with neck disorders among university students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 313 university students who were aged 18 years and older, owned a smartphone, and used it during the preceding 12 months participated in this cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data regarding the prevalence of text neck posture, smartphone addiction/overuse, neck disorders, and the level of physical activity. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the association between the prevalence of neck disorders and text neck posture, smartphone addiction/overuse, and level of physical activity. The 12 months prevalence of neck disorders due to smartphone use among the participants was found to be 46%. The neck disorders were more prevalent among participants who reported text neck posture ( P < 0.001) and categorized as smartphone-addicted/overuse ( P < 0.001). Measures to promote the awareness of healthy use of smartphones including postural education and to decrease its screen time are warranted to reduce neck disorders.
Abstract Background Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) leads to pain, joint instability, and early degenerative joint disease. Incidence, prevalence, and management strategies of DDH have been well-documented in several countries, but not in Saudi Arabia. Objective We synthesized the current evidence regarding incidence, prevalence, risk factors, and clinical treatment for children with DDH in Saudi Arabia. Methods We searched 3 databases to locate studies. Studies that included children with DDH in Saudi Arabia; reported either incidence rate, prevalence, risk factors, and/or clinical practice; and were available in English or Arabic were included. We excluded reviews, case studies, or animal studies. Two independent authors reviewed potential studies and assessed study’s quality. Results Our search yielded 67 potential studies, of which 16 studies were included (total DDH sample = 3,127; age range = 2.5 to 86.4 months). Three studies reported incidence rates ranging from 3.1 to 4.9 per 1000 births, and 3 studies reported prevalence ranging from 6 to 78%. Nine studies reported that female sex, breech position, family history, and age less than 3 years were risk factors associated with DDH. Four studies reported that brace applications and closed reduction were conservative treatments, and 9 studies reported that open hip reduction, adductor tenotomy, and/or pelvic osteotomy were surgical approaches to treat DDH. Conclusions In Saudi Arabia, the Incidence and prevalence rates of DDH are 3.1 to 4.9 per 1,000 births, and 6–78%, respectively ( differ from what has been reported in other countries ) , but the risk factors of DDH in Saudi Arabia appear to be similar in comparison to other countries (female, breech presentation, family history of DDH).
The fear of re-injury may persist after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) in professional soccer players (PSPs) even after a successful return to sport (RTS). This study aimed to determine the extent of this fear of re-injury and the impact of demographic variables and this fear of re-injury on the lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) scores in PSPs who had completed a successful RTS following ACLR. A cross-sectional survey design was used. Sixty-seven PSPs who had successfully RTS after ACLR, completed a demographic information sheet, the Athlete Fear-Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ), and the LEFS. The average AFAQ scores indicated low fear (M = 10.2, SD = 6.7), while high LEFS scores were observed (M = 67.1, SD = 12.4). There were significant strong negative correlations between LEFS and body mass index (BMI; rs [65] = -0.501, P = .001) and AFAQ and BMI (rs [65] = -0.378, P = .001). A hierarchical linear regression analysis found AFAQ to be a significant predictor of LEFS (b = -0.92, s.e. = 0.19, P = .001), with a total variance (adjusted R2) of 32.9%. PSPs' fear of re-injury post-ACLR significantly reduced their perceived levels of lower limb functionality. This study highlights the need to further explore and develop strategies to manage PSP fear of re-injury to improve sports-related performance post-ACLR.
Abstract Background We aimed to examine the effect of a high-intensity exercise bout on landing biomechanics in soccer players who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and non-injured soccer players during a soccer-specific landing maneuver. Methods Eighteen soccer players who underwent ACLR and 18 normal soccer players were enrolled in this investigation (ACLR group; age, 26.11 ± 3.95 years; body mass index, 23.52 ± 2.69 kg/m 2 ; surgery time, 5 ± 3.30 years: control group; age, 25.83 ± 3.51 years; body mass index, 24.09 ± 3.73 kg/m 2 , respectively). Participants were evaluated during the landing maneuver before and after carrying out the high-intensity exercise bout using the Wingate test. The intensity of the exercise was defined as a blood lactate accumulation of at least 4 mmol/L. The dependent variables included sagittal-plane kinematics and kinetics of the ankle, knee and hip joints, and electromyography activity of the gastrocnemius, hamstrings, quadriceps, and gluteus maximus. Results On 2 × 2 analysis of variance, none of the dependent variable showed significant exercise×group interactions. Regardless of group, significant main effects of exercise were found. Post-exercise landing was characterized by increased flexion of hip ( p = 0.01), knee ( p = 0.001), and ankle joints ( p = 0.002); increased extension moments of hip ( p = 0.009), knee ( p = 0.012), and ankle joints ( p = 0.003), as well as decreased quadriceps activity ( p = 0.007). Conclusion At 1 year or more post-ACLR, the effect of the high-intensity exercise bout on landing biomechanics is not expected to differ from that experienced by healthy soccer players.
Validity of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) has been mostly studied in North America and Europe.We investigated the psychometric validation of the Arabic version of the PAQ-C in students in Saudi Arabia.The students (n=327, age=8-14 years) of six primary schools in the Majmaah region participated in the study.Participants completed the PAQ-C, and their demographics were recorded.The PAQ-C scores satisfied the following factor analysis assumptions: diagonal elements of the anti-image correlation matrix(>0.5),Bartlett's test of sphericity (p<0.001),determinant (>0.00001),Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test of sampling adequacy (>0.8), and communality (all values>0.2).Exploratory factor analysis results were inconclusive, with two measures favoring a 2factor solution [Kaiser's criteria (Eigenvalue≥1), and cumulative variance rule (>40%)]; whereas, the scree test and the Monte Carlo parallel analysis favored a 1-factor structure.The confirmatory factor analysis favored a 1-factor solution: highest CFI, lowest RMSEA, non-significant χ 2 statistics, and lowest χ 2 /df.The values of item-total correlation, corrected item-total correlation, and Cronbach's alpha if an item was deleted, ranged from 0.20-0.57,0.42-0.64,and 0.70-0.75,respectively.The PAQ-C showed a Cronbach's alpha of 0.74.A 1-factor structure of the Arabic version of the PAQ-C had adequate psychometric validity in schoolchildren in Saudi Arabia.
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