Abstract : Current methods for conducting cyber training are incompatible with the traditional, simulation-based training architectures used to conduct battlestaff training. As a result there is little to no interaction between the cyber domain and the traditional warfighting domains during exercises. This situation does not accurately reflect the current operational environment nor does it address the Secretary of Defenses (SECDEF) and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staffs (CJCS) directives and guidance for incorporating realistic cyberspace conditions into major Department of Defense (DoD) exercises. The Cyber Operational Architecture Training System (COATS) is a U.S. DoD Modeling and Simulation Coordination Office (M and SCO) High-Level Task (HLT) that integrates existing cyber range environments, traditional simulation architectures, operational networks, and cyber emulations to safely and securely synchronize and deliver realistic cyber effects to the entire battlestaff cyber for all. In doing so COATS provides an integrated and contested training environment where operators plan, execute and experience realistic cyberspace operations and conditions in all domains. This paper describes the key components of the COATS architecture, including the application of network guards and the first draft of a cyber data exchange model, lessons learned from the demonstration and employment of COATS during three U.S. Forces Korea exercises, and recommendations for future cyber and traditional modeling and simulation capability research, development, test and evaluation.
While X.25 is a well established and mature standard, frame relay is still being developed in some areas. Some consideration is given to the likely future developments of both protocols. The major similarities and differences between them are highlighted.<
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Public Ethernet is a new definition for a broadband access environment and it is the natural evolution and enabler of universal broadband services by combining cost-effective proven Ethernet technology and reliable public network characteristics. In this paper we present an Ethernet connection manager (ECM) that supports the deployment of customer services across the Ethernet access networks. ECM removes the need of manual configuration of low-level parameters into access networks for virtual local area network (VLAN) setup by provisioning the VLAN tags, link bandwidth, and IEEE 802.1p markings for quality of service (QoS) profiles. To verify the performance and scalability issues on deploying several hundreds or even thousands of network elements, a set of tests were performed using a simulated network to determine the average time to deploy a service. As expected the time to provision the services increases as the number of records within the database increases.
