This study was carried out to investigate phytochemical screening of ethylacetate extract of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC Lour. fruit (EEZ) and cardioprotective effect against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats. EEZ was prepared by maceration and 300 mg/kg bw as dosage of extract, then cardioprotective effects against doxorubicin (DOX) induced cardiotoxicity was evaluated. DOX was administered to rats at dose of 20 mg/bw through intraperitoneal route for two days. Cardioprotective effect was evaluated by measuring biomarkers troponin T (cTnT), CK-MB levels and histopathology of rat’s heart tissue was examined. Result of phytochemical screening of extract was found to contain alkaloids, flavonoids, tannin, glycosides, and saponin. Levels of cTnT and CK-MB of DOX group differ significantly from the control group, EEZ, EEZ + DOX, vitamin E + DOX, and rutine + DOX (p <0.05). DOX raised cTnT and CK-MB levels significantly (p<0,05) and were counteracted by administration of vitamin E, rutin, and EEZ. Histopathological analysis of rat’s heart tissue resulted in myocytolysis with congestion of blood vessels, pyknosis, cytoplasmic vacuolization and fragmentation. Concomitant treatment with vitamin E, rutin, and EEZ revealed normal muscle fiber. This results suggest that EEZ has cardioprotective effect.
Parkia speciosa leaves empirically used to heal diabetes mellitus and hypertension, one of the group of hypertension drugs is diuretic. Parkia speciosa leaves contained flavonoid compounds that have been widely studied as a diuretic agent. The total compounds of Flavonoid in Parkia speciosa Hassk leaves was 40,51 mg/g extract. This research used wistar male rats and divided into 5 groups, consisting of normal control group (Sodium CMC 1% 2 mL/200 gBW), positive control g roup (furosemide 20 mg/kgBW), and treatment groups I III : ethanolic extract of Parkia speciosa Hassk leaves dose of 100, 250, and 500 mg/kgBW. Test animals were not given the early treatment, only acclitimization for the first one week. The volume of urin e was measured after the treatment every 1 hour for 6 hours. Diuretic activity did in the metabolic cage that can accommodate the urine of rats. The volume of urine was measured and analyzed qualitatively of sodium, potassium, and cloride ions. Furosemide as a positive control produced the most volume of urine, 3.685 ml. Ethanolic extract of Parkia speciosa Hassk leaves 500mg/BW dose produced 3.125 ml total volume of urine and had the highest diuretic activity, 69.78%, than the other dose of ethanolic extra ct. ED 50 value was 327,02 mg/kgBW. Furosemide and ethanolic extract of Parkia speciosa Hassk leaves showed the positive result of urine that contained sodium, potassium, and chloride ions. Based on these results, it was concluded that ethanolic extract of Parkia speciosa leaves had a diuretic activity with a similar mechanism of action of furosemide.
A research of hepatoprotector activity from matoa’s leaf (Pometia pinnata) ethanolic extract on male white rat induced by paracetamol has been done. This study aimed to find out any hepatoprotector activity from matoa’s leaf ethanolic extract based on measurement of SGPT and SGOT levels and also histopathology pictures of rats’ liver. The experiment was done on 24 male white Wistar rats that devided into 6 groups of treatment. Rats in group I as normal control were only given 1% sodium CMC, rats in group II as negative control were given paracetamol 2 g/kgBB, rats in group III as positive control were given N-acetylcysteine, and rats in groups IV, V, and VI as test group was given extract of 125, 250, 500 mg/kgBB doses. The average of SGPT on normal, negative, positive, and test group of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kgBB doses were 81.17 ± 10.07; 285.90 ± 128.31; 95.57 ± 3.01; 208.0 ± 62.0; 156.76 ± 26.15; 98.43 ± 18.58 U/L. While the average of SGOT on normal, negative, positive, test group of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kgBB doses were 175.14 ± 8.07; 331.23 ± 64.79; 192.9 ± 8.52; 279.4 ± 22.50; 231.26 ± 36.99; 198.42 ± 12.66 U/L. Respectively the result indicated that matoa’s leaf ethanolic extract significantly (p<0.05) lowered SGPT and SGOT levels compared to control negative group and influenced the histopathology pictures of paracetamol-induced rats’ liver. Dose of 500 mg/kgBB gave better hepatoprotector activity than doses of 125 and 250 mg/kgBB. Hepatoprotector activity on this group was shown by the reduction of SGPT and SGOT levels and also normal hepatic histopathology without degeneration of hepatocyte, bleeding of liver tissue or necrosis cell although toxic dose of paracetamol has been given
This study was carried out to investigate phytochemical screening of ethylacetate extract of Picria fel-terrae Lour. leaves (EEP) and cardioprotective effect against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats. Dry EEP was prepared from dry grounded leaves by cold maceration, and extract was given at dosage of 300 mg/kg bw, then it’s cardioprotective effects against doxorubicin (DOX) induced cardiotoxicity was evaluated. DOX was administered intraperitoneally to rats at dosage of 20 mg/bw once a day for two days. Cardioprotective effect was evaluated by measuring biomarkers troponin T (cTnT), CK-MB levels. Histopathology of rat’s heart tissue was also examined. Result of phytochemical screening of extract was found to contain flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, and saponins. Levels of cTnT and CK-MB in DOX group are significantly different from that in control group, EEP, EEP + DOX, vitamin E + DOX, and rutine + DOX (p <0.05). DOX significantly raised cTnT and CK-MB levels (p<0,05) but decreased after administration of vitamin E, rutin, and EEP. Histopathological analysis of rat’s heart tissue showed to resulted in myocytolysis with congestion of blood vessels, pyknosis, cytoplasmic vacuolization and fragmentation. Concomitant treatment with vitamin E, rutin, and EEP revealed normal muscle fiber. These results suggest that EEP has cardioprotective effect.
The hepatoprotective effects of matoa leaves were evaluated by paracetamol-induced injury in rat's hepatocytes.The ethanolic extract of matoa leaves (EEML) at doses of 200, 300, 500 mg/kg, po and silymarin at dose of 100 mg/kg, po were given for seven days.Silymarin was given as the reference drug.Hepatoprotective effect was studied by measuring the level of AST, ALT, ALP and total protein in serum.In vivo, oral treatment with EEML at dose of 500 mg/kg significantly reduced AST, ALT, ALP in serum whereas total protein was not significantly reduce in each groups.These results indicate that the hepatoprotective action of EEML is likely related to its potent antioxidative activity.Neutralizing reactive oxygen species enhancing the activity of original natural hepatic-antioxidant enzymes may be the main mechanisms of EEML against paracetamol-induced injury.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels caused by cell resistance to insulin. One of type 2 diabetes mellitus therapy is drug of inhibiting activity of α-glucosidase enzyme. Petai plant (Parkia speciosa Hassk.) is one of the plants traditionally used as an antidiabetic agent. The phenolic content in petai plant has potential as an inhibiting compound of α-glucosidase enzyme activity. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of antidiabetic of ethanolic extract of pods, leaves, and petai seeds through inhibition test of α-glucosidase enzyme activity and determination of total phenolic content of extract. The result of ethanol extract test of pod, leaves, and petai seed showed inhibitory effect of α-glucosidase enzyme activity with IC50 value of each extract is 4.596 ppm (extrapolation), 54.341 ppm (extrapolation), and 67.425 ppm and the results of determining total phenolic content of ethanol extract pods, leaves, and petai seeds using Folin-Ciocalteu is 1381.5 mg GAE/g, 118.5 mg GAE/g, and 36.25 mg GAE/g. Based on the results, petai pods has the highest total phenolic content and inhibitory effect of α-glucosidase enzyme activity than leaf and petai seeds.
