Sadiah Shafi

Kansas State University

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Parvaze A. Sofi

Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir

Aaqif Zaffar

Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir

Sajad Majeed Zargar

Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir

P. V. Vara Prasad

Kansas State University

Ishrat Riyaz

Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir

Sujeela Rani

Plant (United States)

Samreen Fatima

University of Central Punjab

Samreen Fatima

University of Karachi

Asif B. Shikari

Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir

Deepak Bijarniya

International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center

Cooperative Institutions

Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu

University of Kashmir

Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

Panjab University

Plant (United States)

Kansas State University

Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture

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Ideotype‐Based Approach for Improving Root Traits in Crop Plants for Climate Resilience: How Far Have We Zeroed In on the Best Fit?

Annual Plant Reviews online (2025)

Sadiah Shafi Insha Shafi Aaqif Zaffar Ishrat Riyaz Samreen Fatima

Abstract The unprecedented challenges to crop production driven by climate change drivers warrant the development of resilient crop varieties to sustain crop yield. In the present and future, climate, drought, salinity and temperature stress will be the major yield‐limiting factors. Roots are the primary responders to drought, flooding and salinity and assume a key position in developing plant resilience. Root architecture has emerged as a promising focal point in breeding efforts aimed at developing resource‐efficient crops. However, crop selection frequently prioritises shoot performance exclusively because evaluating root traits is a more intricate process. Improving root traits will be a pivotal factor in increasing the efficiency of water and nutrient capture, reducing yield gaps and providing the necessary foundation for the ‘Evergreen Revolution’, which is essential for aligning crop production with the needs of the growing human population. However, building an ideotype for root system architecture (RSA) has been precluded by obvious difficulties in reliable phenotyping and greater growth plasticity and abiotic stress response of root, as in some cases, the plasticity can be maladaptive due to greater metabolic costs. Nevertheless, a large body of experimental data has been generated to build an optimum root ideotype for diverse stressful environments. In this article, we provide an overview of the typical RSA ideotypes under various stresses that have been suggested in previous research and indicate functional evidence on the role of root phenes that could help breeders in their efforts to include root traits in their selection pipelines for abiotic stress tolerance, aimed to improve the resilience of crops. Such an approach can deliver quicker improvements compared to selection solely based on yield, particularly in stressful environments, using a more precisely tailored approach to increase long‐term sustainability and mitigate the impacts of stresses. Also, the probabilities for aligning future abiotic stress breeding strategies based on RSA and other traits are discussed. Prioritising these ideotype‐related traits in breeding programs could significantly boost crop production and enhance the long‐term sustainability of agriculture.

Resilience

10.1002/9781119312994.apr0814

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High‐Temperature Stress During Reproductive Stages: Impacts and Traits Associated with Seed Set

Annual Plant Reviews online (2025)

Venkatesan Kishanth Kanna M. Djanaguiraman M. Jincy K. Ananthi A. Senthil

Abstract High temperature (HT) stress negatively influences reproductive phases in field crops, and the effects are critical to understand in the present and future climate. This review focuses on research on grain crops (rice, wheat, sorghum, pearl millet, soybean and groundnut) with the goals of identifying (i) the sensitivity of reproductive stages during crop development under HT stress and (ii) the metabolic changes caused by HT on the reproductive tissue. Reproductive stages are the most sensitive stages in plants to stress, particularly flowering and gametogenesis, and which results in a reduction in seed numbers due to fertility loss, improper fertilization, and reduction in seed‐set percentage. Most of the field crops are sensitive to a temperature of >35 °C during the reproductive growth stages, and this threshold varies among the species and genotypes. Abortion of micro‐ and/or mega‐spores, premature tapetal cell degradation, loss of gamete viability, anther indehiscence, a lower pollen grain germination rate on the stigma, loss of pollen germination, stigma receptivity, pollen tube tip polarity, pollen tube growth signals, and embryo abortion are the physiological processes affected by HT stress. The major changes in the gametes lead to alteration in carbohydrate metabolism and transport, loss of viability, elevated reactive oxygen species production, increased membrane phospholipid saturation level and decreased phosphatidic acid level. Molecular and biochemical tools help to screen and identify the sources of tolerance. Developing crop tolerance to high‐temperature stress is possible through continued collaboration among biologists, breeders, and agronomists without affecting the crop grain yields.

10.1002/9781119312994.apr0815

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Unveiling Biochemical Dynamics in Common Bean-Pseudocercospora Pathosystem Under Angular Leaf Spot Pressure in Western Himalayan Kashmir

Deleted Journal (2024)

Aaqif Zaffar Sadiah Shafi Samreen Fatima Ishrat Riyaz Asha Nabi

Pathosystem

10.1007/s10343-024-01035-2

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Combination of TRP channel dietary agonists induces energy expending and glucose utilizing phenotype in HFD-fed mice

International Journal of Obesity (2021)

Jasleen Kaur Vijay Kumar Vibhu Kumar Sadiah Shafi Pragyanshu Khare

10.1038/s41366-021-00967-3

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The resilience of rice under water stress will be driven by better roots: Evidence from root phenotyping, physiological, and yield experiments

Plant Stress (2023)

Sadiah Shafi Insha Shafi Aaqif Zaffar Sajad Majeed Zargar Asif B. Shikari

Rice is the principal food grain crop of the world, grown on over 164 million hectares. Water is an important production constraint in food crops. Till recently, crop breeding efforts have mainly focused on the shoot, whereas most of the major drivers of the yield gap directly influence the root system, thereby implicating the plant's resource acquisition efficiency. Despite the substantial experimental evidence for the importance of root traits in drought tolerance, lesser efforts have been directed towards drought-adaptive root traits based on the selection index in rice. The above-ground components are easy to phenotype, and lesser efforts towards root traits stem mainly from the phenotyping bottlenecks of reliable recovery and evaluation of root traits. Moreover, greater phenotypic plasticity of root traits in response to changes in soil resource status, and lack of less costly screening techniques for roots is still a challenge, leading to comparatively lesser information about the potential role of roots in developing drought-resilient rice varieties. Root phenes are not as high in number as is the huge shopping list of above-ground traits and exploring the natural variation of root traits could assist rice improvement programs in developing varieties with desired root phenes for target environments. More importantly, elucidation of the relationship of root traits with the physiological and biochemical responses contributing to grain yield is also imperative. In this paper, we discuss the potential role of roots in determining the resilience of rice varieties for future farming systems based on evidence from root phenotyping, the relationship of root phenes with physiological efficiency and yield under water stress in rice.

Root (linguistics)

Root system

Drought Tolerance

Trait

10.1016/j.stress.2023.100211

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Characterization of Western Himalayan small-seeded red beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for yield, quality and resilience

Plant Genetic Resources (2022)

Parvaze A. Sofi Sadiah Shafi Samreen Fatima Sujeela Rani Rayees Ahmad

Abstract Western Himalayan region is a rich repository of common bean genetic resources evolved over generations of farmer selection. The bean variability encompasses various use categories such as dry, snap and shelled beans. The present study aimed to characterize 40 small-seeded red common bean genotypes collected from different districts of Kashmir valley as well as Poonch, Rajouri and Bhaderwah areas of Jammu which are world famous for their beans. Based on 5-year evaluation, there was substantial variability for various qualitative traits as well as quantitative traits. Among variability parameters, higher PCV and GCV values were recorded for plant height, seed yield per plant and number of pods per plant and low for days to maturity, seed length and pod length. High heritability was recorded for all the traits ranging from 78.72 to 94.87%. There was substantial variability in root traits scored in laboratory and greenhouse as well as canopy temperature depression and relative water content. Various genotypes were found resistant to bean common mosaic virus (WB-N-1, WB-N-11, WB-1318, WB-401, WB-451, WB-1634); anthracnose (WB-1634 WB-83, WB-258, WB-1282, WB-1304); angular leaf spot (WB-6, WB-1634, WB-258, WB-451, N-1 and N-10); Fusarium wilt (WB-341, WB-451, WB-N-1 and WB-1587) and Ascochyta blight (WB-6). Similarly WB-92 was highly resistant to shattering. The genotypes WB-341, WB-1634, WB-N-1 performed better under water stress, WB-N-1 and WB-1634 were resistant to multiple diseases and WB-1634 had better cooking quality. The genotypes identified can be used in bean improvement programmes and have also been submitted to NBPGR for long-term storage.

Ascochyta

10.1017/s1479262123000230

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Differential spatial plasticity response in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) root architecture under water stress is driven by increased root diameter, surface area and volume at deeper layers

Discover Plants. (2024)

Ishrat Riyaz Sadiah Shafi Aaqif Zaffar M. Altaf Wani Sajad Majeed Zargar

Abstract Root plasticity enables plants to adapt to spatial and temporal changes in soil resources. In this study, 40 common bean genotypes evaluated for two root and shoot traits under irrigated and water stress. Three genotypes WB-216, WB-N-2, and WB-966 with contrasting plasticity responses were used for in-depth study. Highest positive plasticity for most root traits was found in case of WB-N2 and WB-216, whereas, WB-966 had negative plasticity for all the traits recorded. In terms of spatial plasticity for root traits in three root length sections, WB-216 was positively plastic for root diameter with progressive decrease from top to bottom sections. WB-N2 had positive plasticity values for root diameter, root surface area and root volume. WB-966 had negative plasticity for all the traits. For WB-216, the root diameter increased under drought in S1 but was almost same in bottom sections. In case of WB-N2, there was increase in root diameter in S2 and S3, but for WB-966, root diameter decreased in all sections. Similar trend was observed in all three genotypes for root surface area and volume. We report that major drivers of spatial plasticity of root architectural traits are increased root diameter, surface area and volume at deeper layers.

Root (linguistics)

Water Stress

10.1007/s44372-024-00006-1

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Decoding life

Elsevier eBooks (2024)

Parvaze A. Sofi Sajad Majeed Zargar Ambreen Hamadani Sadiah Shafi Aaqif Zaffar

10.1016/b978-0-443-24001-0.00004-x

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A Low cost and high throughput spectroscopic method for quantification of seed coat colour differences in plain seeded bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm from Western Himalayan Kashmir

Research Square (Research Square) (2022)

Parvaze A. Sofi Ramsha Khalid Sadiah Shafi Aaqif Zaffar Sajad Majeed Zargar

Abstract Seed phenotyping is routinely done using visual assessment that suffers from subjectivity. In the present study we phenotyped 278 Western Himalayan bean accessions using a low cost spectroscopic method based on quantification of seed colour in terms of L*,a*,b* and δ E. There was substantial variation for L*, a*, b* and δ E parameters for all seven colour classes. The mean value for L* was lowest for red (31.31) and highest for white (78.17) and reverse in case of a*. Similarly, mean value for b* was lowest for black (-0.29) and highest for yellow (40.86). In terms of deviations from standard colours depicted by δ E, highest mean value was observed in red colour (6012.16) and lowest was recorded for green (18.36) with a mean of 2525.72 across all colours. The first two principal components accounted for 86.74% of variation. contributed by colour and L* in PC1 and b*, L* and a* in PC2. In the present study, based on the factor loading graph, colour is strongly correlated with L* as is evident from its significant contribution in both PC1 and PC2. The multivariate analysis clearly delineates the diversity panel of 278 genotypes into distinct colour groups as shown by concentration of genotypes of similar colour class into specific regions of four coordinates of biplot based on L*, a* and b* values and their observed relationship with colour scores. The method removes the subjectivity in visual colour specifications, is quantitative and can help in exact quantification of varietal differences.

Germ plasm

Biplot

Coat

10.21203/rs.3.rs-2244758/v1

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Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding (2022)

Kasanaboina Krishna Yogesh Mohan L Krishna G Parimala R Jagadeeshwar

10.37992/2022.1303

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