The incidence of rectal carcinoma (RC) has been increasing recently, and becomes the second most common digestive tumors besides gastric cancer, with a rise in the incidence of RC in younger populations. The early diagnosis and treatment are thus critical for the improvement of survival rate and life quality of patients. Stomatin-like protein 2 (SLP-2) is a type of membrane factor, which is generally found highly expressed in various tumors. Collagen and calcium-binding EGF domain (CCBE1) belongs to lymphatic tube genesis factor. The regulatory role of SLP-2 gene on CCBE1 expression in RC tumor and adjacent lymphatic tube tissues, however, has not been studied.52 RC patients were recruited, and tumor and adjacent lymphatic tube tissues were collected. Real-time PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were used to analyze SLP-2 and CCBE1 expressions. Human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) were cultured in vitro and were assigned to control, scramble, and SLP-2 siRNA group. MTT assay was used to detect cell proliferation, while caspase 3 activity was detected.SLP-2 and CCBE1 levels were significantly elevated in tumor lymphatic tissues, compared to that in adjacent tissues. Statistically positive correlation between SLP-1 and CCBE2 was found (p<0.05). The downregulation of SLP-2 by siRNA inhibited cell proliferation, elevated caspase3 activity, and decreased CCBE1 expression (p<0.05 compared to control group).SLP-2 is up-regulated in RC lymphatic tissues, and is positively correlated with the level of CCBE1, which provides the academic the basis for the development of medicine targeting SLP-2 in the anti-rectal carcinoma therapy.
Lentiviral transduction followed by puromycin selection is a well-recognized procedure for gene transfer and expression experiments using a variety of cell types including human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Despite its widespread application, research regarding the potential effects of bacterial puromycin N-acetyltransferase (pac) gene expression in mammalian cell cultures is incomplete. Here the potential for puromycin selection to affect transcriptome profiles was examined using a well-studied model for human erythropoiesis. Experiments were performed using primary CD34(+) cells from six adult healthy human donors transduced with two commercially available pac-encoding lentiviral vectors and compared to non-transduced control cells. RNA-Seq gene expression profiles were generated at the proerythroblast stage of differentiation, then differential gene expression was analyzed with DEseq2 in R-Studio software. Inter-donor variation in the gene expression profiles and variations between puromycin selected populations after transduction of the separate lentiviral vectors was manifested by significant differences in the RNA detection levels of less than 0.1%. However, puromycin selection after pac gene transduction caused significant changes in over 5% of the mRNA when compared to non-transduced controls. The results suggest that consideration should be given for the potential of puromycin selection to confound the interpretation of RNA-Seq transcriptome profiles.
Objective: Strabismus with diplopia is the main orbital complication of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). This study was to analyze clinical findings, treatment and outcomes of such cases. Methods: Retrospective case series. Twenty-three cases were divided into 3 groups based on the disease severity: group A, partial transection of the medial rectus muscle, group B, complete transection of the medical rectus, group C, transection of the medial rectus combined with the other orbital injuries. Complete ophthalmology examinations, including eye alignment, eye motility, force duction test, force generation test, general eye exam, and medical imaging (orbital CT or MRI), were performed for each case. The treatment included botulinum toxin (Botox) injection to the lateral rectus muscle, transposition of the vertical rectus muscle, and orbital surgery if needed. Results: In group A with Botox injection, all the cases achieved single vision in primary position, but still remained some adduction weakness. In group B treated by vertical transposition surgery combined with Botox, 22% of the cases got single vision in primary gaze. In group C, even with more efforts of treatment, the cases with orbital injury can only get cosmetic improvement, and diplopia and adduction dysfunction were found in most cases. Conclusions: Due to the variety of the complications of FESS, force duction test is a crucial exam to detect the direction and severity of synechia in the orbit, which will give solid information to surgery approach as well as prognosis. Botox injection at early stage will minimize the contraction of antagonist lateral rectus, helping to postpone the transposition surgery which may cause anterior segment ischemia when performed right after the medial rectus transection injury. Botox may even reduce the synechia by minimizing the scarring process. Partial vertical rectus transposition combined with muscle resection may effectively correct the eye misalignment in primary gaze and improve eye motility. The prognosis of FESS induced orbital complications is quite related with the severity of the injury. Botox combined with surgery may help medial rectus transection cases to achieve single vision in primary gaze, but when there is any other orbital injury, treatment may only improve cosmetic appearance. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2017, 53: 917-923).目的： 探讨鼻内窥镜手术误入眶内引起斜视等并发症的临床特点及治疗方法与预后的关系，探寻最佳治疗方案。 方法： 回顾性病例系列研究。收集2006至2016年在首都医科大学北京同仁眼科中心就诊的因鼻内窥镜手术误入眶内引起眼部并发症患者23例，其中男性17例，女性6例，平均年龄（41.8±12.8）岁。经过眼位、眼球运动、牵拉试验等临床检查及影像学检查明确诊断，按病情轻重分为3个组，A组部分内直肌离断（3例），B组单纯完全内直肌离断，C组内直肌离断合并其他眶内损伤（12例）。适时对上述3个组实施肉毒毒素外直肌注射治疗，垂直肌转位等斜视手术等治疗。对治疗前后斜视度数及运动功能改善等数据进行秩和检验。 结果： A组仅需肉毒毒素注射即可达到原在位无复视，仅存轻度的内转不足，但治疗前后差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；B组经过肉毒毒素合并手术预后较好，2例患者原在位无复视，仅企图内转时出现复视。A组治疗前后斜视度数分别为（-23.33±5.77）和（0.00±0.00）PD（Z=-1.63，P>0.05），B组分别为（-81.25±6.41）和（-2.63±3.50）PD（Z=-2.53，P<0.05）；C组分别为（-77.92±18.76）和（-14.58±10.32）PD（Z=-3.06，P<0.05）。A组治疗前后内转功能受损程度分别为-1.67±1.16和-1.00±0.00（Z=-1.63，P>0.05），B组分别为-4.00±0.00和-2.13±0.84（Z=-1.00，P>0.05），C组分别为-3.75±0.62和-2.58±0.79（Z=-2.74，P<0.05）。C组往往仅能部分改善外观，复视仍较明显，且眼球运动多无明显改善。 结论： 鼻内窥镜术引起眶内损伤中复视和眼球运动受损是主要的临床表现。早期进行外直肌肉毒毒素注射可缓解外直肌的张力性收缩，注射前后适时的进行上、下直肌转位术不失为治疗此类斜视的最佳选择，治疗预后与伤情的轻重直接相关，部分内直肌离断及单纯内直肌离断多数病例可以达到原在位无复视或轻度复视，内直肌离断合并粘连者多数仅能改善外观。（中华眼科杂志，2017，53：917-923）.
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