Dislocations in highly doped n-type 4H-SiC (n+-SiC, n>1019 cm-3) substrate have been studied by means of electron beam induced current (EBIC). Ni/n-SiC/n+-SiC/Al structure was fabricated in order to simultaneously observe the dislocations in n-SiC epilayer and n+-SiC substrate. We have found that dark dots in the EBIC image correspond to threading screw dislocations (TSDs) and threading edge dislocations (TEDs) with the former being relatively darker. Short dark lines along off-cut are attributed to basal plane dislocations (BPDs) in the epilayer; and the randomly oriented long dark lines are caused by the BPDs in the substrate. The classification of the dislocations by EBIC has been examined by wet etching in KOH+Na2O2.
In the alkaliviscogram of starch of 26 nonwaxy rices grown in the tropics, gelatinization normality correlated positively with final gelatinization temperature (BEPT) of starch (r=0.969**) and negatively with alkali spreading value of milled rice (r= −0.931**). Peak viscosity was not linearly related to amylose content. Among samples of rice starch having a high amylose (>28%) content, peak viscosity was correlated with the gel consistency of starch (r=−0.690**) and of milled rice (r=−0.644**) (n = 18). These high-amylose starches showed the widest variation in peak viscosity. Amylose content, and gel consistency were inherited from the same parent in all nine varieties and lines studied, whereas peak viscosity, gelatinization normality and the final BEPT were inherited from either parent. The starch of five waxy rices showed higher peak viscosities even at a concentration of 1.8% as compared with a 2.0% nonwaxy rice starch.
Background: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common disease that may lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through fatty liver and cirrhosis. Although the prevalence of NASH is increasing worldwide, there is no cure established thus far. Sake lees are a by-product of sake refining, with a known liver-protecting effect. Lactic acid-fermented sake lees (FSL) are a food produced by lactic acid fermentation and dealcoholization of sake lees. This product is commercially available in Japan. Although FSL has been associated with numerous functions, thus far, studies have not investigated its hepatoprotective effect. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of lactic acid-fermented sake lees (FSL) in a mouse model of NASH-HCC, to assess the impact of FSL supplementation on blood glucose levels in mice with NASH, to analyze the expression of inflammatory markers in FSL-fed mice compared to controls, and to determine the overall efficacy of FSL in inhibiting the progression of NASH. Methods: For this study, we established a mouse model of NASH-HCC. Mice were placed on a high-fat diet supplemented with FSL from 10 to 14 weeks of age. We assessed the diet's efficacy in halting NASH progression compared to a control group. Results: The group fed with FSL exhibited a significant suppression in blood glucose levels and a notable inhibition of NASH progression compared to the control group. Protein analysis revealed a reduction in the expression of inflammatory markers in the FSL-fed group compared to controls. Conclusion: Ingestion of FSL may exert anti-inflammatory and blood glucose-lowering effects and inhibit NASH progression. Keywords: anti-inflammation, blood glucose, fatty liver, Sake lees
This paper was presented at the AWS Annual Meeting, Kansas City, Apr. 1982. The Authors describe an investigation in which an examination was made of various tests that are used to determine the critical preheating temperatures for avoiding cold cracking when welding conventional and newly-developed steels, with carbon contents between 0.02% and 0.26%. An important finding is a proposed new carbon equivalent for use in assessing the cold-cracking susceptibility of the steel; it results in a more satisfactory assessment than either the IIW carbon equivalent or the Ito carbon equivalent .
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes in uncured ultraviolet ray curing resin suspension were aligned by applying traveling electric field. In general, the size of the area where the multiwalled carbon nanotubes were continuously aligned by applying electric field is restricted by an interelectrode distance. In this study, the restriction of the alignment area size was removed by adoption of the multiple-electrode and application of the multi-phase voltage. The multiple-electrode used to the experiment was constructed by 24 long and slender electrodes. A cover glass was put on the multiple-electrode, and the suspension was dropped on the cover glass. Rectangular and eight-phase voltage was applied to the multiple-electrode. The phase differences between voltages applied to one and the neighboring electrodes were ±45 degrees. The multiwalled carbon nanotubes in the suspension were aligned in much wider area than the interelectrode distance by applying the traveling electric field generated by the multi-phase voltage. In the latter half of this paper, the theoretical background for the experiment based on the method proposed by the author was shown. Furthermore the influences of the number of phases in the multi-phase voltage and the suspension thickness on fluctuation of the carbon nanotube orientation were theoretically clarified.
In order to know more about the cytoskeletal structure around the bile canaliculi of hepatocytes, we used the following procedure. Liver specimens were passed through an 18-, a 21- and then a 23-gauge needle, by which they turned into cylindrical or oval blocks of 0.4 mm in diameter. Because of their small size, the cytosolic ground substances of every hepatocyte were washed out clearly after subsequent treatment with the solution containing 0.5% Triton X-100 and 0.5 mg/ml saponin for 15 min. This short-term extraction preserved both the cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane of the hypatocyte quite well, and we could observe the crossbridge filaments connecting between a core bundle of microfilaments and plasma membrane of the microvilli of the bile canaliculi.
