Brian L. Beres

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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R. J. Graf

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Dean Spaner

University of Alberta

Héctor A. Cárcamo

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Harpinder Randhawa

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Curtis Pozniak

University of Saskatchewan

Muhammad Iqbal

Ayub Agriculture Research Institute

T. Kelly Turkington

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

André Laroche

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

K. Strenzke

University of Alberta

François Eudes

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Cooperative Institutions

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

154

Lethbridge Research and Development Centre

University of Alberta

University of Saskatchewan

University of Manitoba

Agriculture Food and Rural Development

Ottawa Research and Development Centre

Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz Y Trigo

Swift Current Research and Development Centre

Alberta Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

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Toward a Better Understanding of Genotype × Environment × Management Interactions—A Global Wheat Initiative Agronomic Research Strategy

Frontiers in Plant Science (2020)

Brian L. Beres Jerry L. Hatfield John A. Kirkegaard Sanford D. Eigenbrode William L. Pan

The Wheat Initiative (WI) and the WI Expert Working Group (EWG) for Agronomy (www.wheatinitiative.org) were formed with a collective goal to "coordinate global wheat research efforts to increase wheat production, quality and sustainability to advance food security and safety under changing climate conditions." The Agronomy EWG is responsive to the WI's research need, "A knowledge exchange strategy to ensure uptake of innovations on farm and to update scientists on changing field realities." The Agronomy EWG aims to consolidate global expertise for agronomy with a focus on wheat production systems. The overarching approach is to develop and adopt a systems-agronomy framework relevant to any wheat production system. It first establishes the scale of current yield gaps, identifies defensible benchmarks, and takes a holistic approach to understand and overcome exploitable yield gaps to complement genetic increases in potential yield. New opportunities to increase productivity will be sought by exploiting future Genotype x Environment x Management synergies in different wheat systems. To identify research gaps and opportunities for collaboration among different wheat producing regions, the EWG compiled a comprehensive database of currently funded wheat agronomy research (n = 782) in countries representing a large proportion of the wheat grown in the world. The yield gap analysis and research database positions the EWG to influence priorities for wheat agronomy research in member countries that would facilitate collaborations, minimize duplication and maximize the global impact on wheat production systems. This paper outlines a vision for a global WI agronomic research strategy and discusses activities to date. The focus of the WI-EWG is to transform the agronomic research approach in wheat cropping systems, which will be applicable to other crop species.

10.3389/fpls.2020.00828

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Citations (41)

Redcliff hard red spring wheat

Canadian Journal of Plant Science (2023)

Muhammad Iqbal Dean Spaner Izabela Ciechanowska K. Strenzke Brian L. Beres

Redcliff hard red spring wheat was developed at the University of Alberta using a modified bulk breeding method. In 3 years of evaluation in the Parkland Cooperative test from 2018 to 2020, Redcliff produced 7.3% more grain and matured 1.9 days earlier than the highest yielding check Carberry. Redcliff had 3.9 cm taller plants than Carberry but shorter than the other checks and displayed good lodging tolerance. The test weight of Redcliff was slightly higher than Carberry and Parata but lower than Glenn. The grain weight of Redcliff was higher than Parata and similar to the other checks. Grain protein content was within the range of the checks. Redcliff was rated “resistant” to the prevalent races of stem rust, “resistant” to “moderately resistant” to Fusarium head blight, “intermediate” to leaf and stripe rusts, whereas “moderately susceptible” to common bunt. Three years of end-use quality evaluation have indicated that Redcliff is acceptable for the Canada Western Red Spring wheat market class, with improvements in flour yield.

Stem rust

Test weight

Rust (programming language)

10.1139/cjps-2022-0121

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Citations (0)

Sadash soft white spring wheat

Canadian Journal of Plant Science (2009)

R. S. Sadasivaiah R. J. Graf Harpinder Randhawa Brian L. Beres S.M. Perkovic

Sadash is a soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that meets the end-use quality specifications of the Canada Western Soft White Spring class. Sadash is well-adapted to the wheat-growing regions of southern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan. Based on data from the Western Soft White Spring Wheat Cooperative Registration Test from 2003 to 2005, Sadash exhibited high grain yield, mid-season maturity, semi-dwarf stature with very strong straw, and good resistance to shattering. Sadash expressed resistance to the prevalent races of stem rust and powdery mildew, intermediate resistance to loose smut, moderate susceptibility to leaf rust and common bunt, and susceptibility to Fusarium head blight. Based on end-use quality analysis performed at the Grain Research Laboratory of the Canadian Grain Commission, Sadash had improved test weight over the check cultivars AC Reed and AC Phil and similar milling and baking performance.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, wheat (soft white spring), grain yield, quality, disease resistance

Stem rust

Test weight

Grain Quality

Rust (programming language)

10.4141/cjps09010

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Citations (9)

Coleman hard red spring wheat

Canadian Journal of Plant Science (2015)

Dean Spaner Alireza Navabi K. Strenzke Muhammad Iqbal Brian L. Beres

Spaner, D., Navabi, A., Strenzke, K., Iqbal, M. and Beres, B. 2015. Coleman hard red spring wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1037–1041. ‘Coleman’ hard red spring wheat is an awned, hollow-stemmed cultivar of high yield potential adapted to the wheat growing regions of western Canada. Averaged over 30 site-years, during 3 yr of testing in the Parkland Wheat Cooperative Registration Test (2010–2012), Coleman was higher yielding than Katepwa (8.5%) (P≤0.05), AC Splendor (5.8%) (P≤0.05), CDC Teal (2.1%) and CDC Osler (2%), exhibited maturity, height and lodging resistance similar to, or in the range of the checks, had higher test weights than the checks and showed good resistance to leaf, stem and stripe rust. Coleman exhibited Fusarium head blight resistance greater than and DON contamination levels lower than the check cultivars. Coleman exhibited susceptible reactions to common bunt and loose smut. End-use quality attributes of Coleman meet the specifications of the Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat market class.

Stem rust

Rust (programming language)

10.4141/cjps-2015-111

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Citations (3)

Integrating the building blocks of agronomy into an integrated pest management system for wheat stem sawfly

Brian L. Beres

Sawfly

10.7939/r3p06b

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Citations (0)

Nitrous oxide emissions with enhanced efficiency and conventional urea fertilizers in winter wheat

Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems (2021)

Haibo An Jennifer Owens Brian L. Beres Yuejin Li Xiying Hao

Abstract Optimizing nitrogen fertilizer management can reduce nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. This study tested if split applying enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs) resulted in lower N 2 O emissions than applying equivalent rates of urea at planting. In semiarid southern Alberta, field trials were conducted during three years (planting to harvest) in rainfed winter wheat crops. Annual fertilizer rates ranged from 146 to 176 kg N ha −1 . Fertilizer types were urea, and three EEFs (polymer-coated urea, urea with urease and nitrification inhibitors, and urea with a nitrification inhibitor). Each fertilizer type was applied three ways: 100% banded at planting, split applied 30% banded at planting and 70% broadcast in late fall, and split applied 30% banded at planting and 70% broadcast at Feekes growth stage 4 (GS4, post-tiller formation, wheat entering the greening up phase in the early spring). Nitrous oxide was measured using static chambers between sub-weekly and monthly from planting to harvest. Over three years, cumulative N 2 O emissions ranged from 0.16 to 1.32 kg N ha −1 . This was equivalent to emissions factors between 0.009 and 0.688%. Cumulative N 2 O emissions and emissions factors did not differ between fertilizer types, but they were lower when fertilizer was split applied at GS4 compared to in late fall ( P ≤ 0.10). Our study suggests that EEFs do not reduce N 2 O emissions from rainfed winter wheat crops, but a well-timed split application with a majority of fertilizer applied after winter can minimize N 2 O emissions.

Nitrous oxide

Tiller (botany)

Coated urea

10.1007/s10705-021-10118-9

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Citations (16)

Host plant interactions between wheat germplasm source and wheat stem sawfly Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) I. Commercial cultivars

Canadian Journal of Plant Science (2013)

Brian L. Beres Héctor A. Cárcamo J. R. Byers F. R. Clarke Curtis Pozniak

Beres, B. L., Cárcamo, H. A., Byers, J. R., Clarke, F. R., Pozniak, C. J., Basu, S. K. and DePauw, R. M. 2013. Host plant interactions between wheat germplasm source and wheat stem sawfly Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) I. Commercial cultivars. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 607–617. The wheat stem sawfly (WSS) Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) is an economically destructive insect pest of wheat in the northern Great Plains. A significant resurgence of the insect pest in the southern prairies of Canada caused substantial economic losses from 1999 through 2007. Solid-stem cultivar selection is critical to the management of WSS but adoption of the use of these cultivars was low, which compounded losses at harvest. A study was conducted from 2001 to 2003 in southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada (1) to establish the range of susceptibility of hollow- and solid-stem varieties representing the major spring wheat classes and (2) to determine the impact of host plant on WSS population dynamics. The solid-stem varieties were generally superior at reducing damage and fitness response of WSS. However, in addition to the durum cultivars AC Navigator and AC Avonlea, the variety McKenzie, which was considered hollow, provided improved efficacy over other hollow-stem cultivars. Our study suggests solid-stem cultivars are highly effective but prone to inconsistent performance and should therefore be integrated into a holistic strategy for WSS that includes agronomics and biocontrol. A companion paper will report on the response of cultivars with novel sources of germplasm.

Sawfly

Germ plasm

10.4141/cjps2012-088

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Citations (15)

Stubble options for winter wheat in the Black soil zone of western Canada

Canadian Journal of Plant Science (2013)

R. B. Irvine G. P. Lafond William E. May H. R. Kutcher George W. Clayton

Irvine, B. R., Lafond, G. P., May, W., Kutcher, H. R., Clayton, G. W., Harker, K. N., Turkington, T. K. and Beres, B. L. 2013. Stubble options for winter wheat in the Black soil zone of western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 261–270. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production has yet to reach its full potential in the Canadian prairies. Alternative stubble types are needed to help overcome the challenge of timely planting of winter wheat in late-maturing canola (Brassica napus L.) fields. A study was conducted in the prairie provinces of Canada to determine ideal stubble types for winter wheat and select spring cereals grown in the Black soil zone. Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), canola, pea (Pisum sativum L.), barley grain or silage (Hordeum vulgare L.), and oat (Avena sativa L.) stubbles were established at four locations in western Canada. A new study area was established at each location for 3 yr. In the year following establishment, winter wheat, hard red spring wheat, barley, and oats were grown on each stubble type at each study area. Winter wheat and spring cereal crops often yielded best and had greater grain protein concentration on barley silage, pea, and canola stubbles relative to other stubble types. The yield and grain protein concentration of spring cereals was best when grown on pea stubble. Winter wheat production attributes varied most among site by crop combinations, and further investigation indicated the source of this variability may be from winter wheat plantings on canola and pea stubble. Among the optimal stubbles, less variable results were observed when winter wheat was grown on barley silage stubble, suggesting proper crop residue management would reduce the variability observed in canola and pea stubble. Our results suggest stubble alternatives to canola are available for winter wheat plantings in western Canada.

Field pea

Avena

Silage

Winter wheat

10.4141/cjps2012-198

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Citations (15)

An improved design for a zero-tillage experimental plot drill

Canadian Journal of Plant Science (2023)

Brian L. Beres S. Simmill W. G. TAYLOR Rogério Dyck J. Hubert

Adoption of conservation farming practices such as zero tillage when planting field research plots is essential to the replication of on-farm practices. The problem is that most drill options fail to meet expectations as they are not built to the scale required, compromise the need for uniformity of plant emergence within plot areas, lack portability, or have been designed and equipped in a manner that is not relevant to farm-scale seeder technologies and practices. Agronomists and Technicians at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada engaged with engineering expertise to design and build two prototype drills that are now in full operation.

Seeder

Software portability

Plot (graphics)

Strip-till

Agricultural machinery

10.1139/cjps-2023-0094

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Citations (2)

Weed-Competitive Ability of Spring and Winter Cereals in the Northern Great Plains

Weed Technology (2010)

Brian L. Beres K. Neil Harker George W. Clayton E. Bremer Robert E. Blackshaw

The inclusion of winter cereals in spring-annual rotations in the northern Great Plains may reduce weed populations and herbicide requirements. A broad range of spring and winter cereals were compared for ability to suppress weeds and maximize grain yield at Lacombe (2002 to 2005) and Lethbridge (2003 to 2005), Alberta, Canada. High seeding rates (≥ 400 seeds/m 2 ) were used in all years to maximize crop competitive ability. Spring cereals achieved high crop-plant densities (> 250 plants/m 2 ) at most sites, but winter cereals had lower plant densities due to winterkill, particularly at Lethbridge in 2004. All winter cereals and spring barley were highly effective at reducing weed biomass at Lacombe for the first 3 yr of the study. Weed suppression was less consistently affected by winter cereals in the last year at Lacombe and at Lethbridge, primarily due to poor winter survival. Grain yields were highest for spring triticale and least for spring wheat at Lacombe, with winter cereals intermediate. At Lethbridge, winter cereals had higher grain yields in 2003 whereas spring cereals had higher yields in 2004 and 2005. Winter cereals were generally more effective at suppressing weed growth than spring cereals if a good crop stand was established, but overlap in weed-competitive ability among cultivars was considerable. This information will be used to enhance the sustainable production of winter and spring cereals in traditional and nontraditional agro-ecological zones.

Triticale

Winter wheat

10.1614/wt-d-09-00036.1

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Citations (86)