En este estudio se describen el ciclo de vida y la ecología poblacional de la planta acuática Egeria densa Planch. (Hydrocharitaceae) en un arroyo de la llanura pampeana. El trabajo se efectuó en tres etapas. En la primera, se realizó un muestreo de 21 meses en dos arroyos pertenecientes a la cuenca del río Luján (provincia de Buenos Aires) que presentaban sendos manchones de E. densa. Este muestreo tuvo como objetivo determinar la influencia de distintos factores (características físicas y químicas del agua, tipo de sedimentos, presencia de perifiton, herbívoros y otras especies de macrófitas) sobre la biomasa y contenido de nutrientes de E. densa, y analizar su ciclo fenológico. La segunda etapa del trabajo consistió en la realización de experiencias en invernáculo a fin de examinar la absorción de nutrientes por esta macrófita. En la tercera etapa se elaboró un modelo matemático descriptivo de la dinámica poblacional de E. densa en un arroyo de llanura. Los resultados del trabajo de campo sugieren que los factores que influyen sobre la biomasa y el contenido de nutrientes en E. densa, actúan con distinta intensidad de acuerdo al grado de desarrollo de la población de macrófítas. Las grandes crecientes actúan como perturbaciones que pueden llegar a arrastrar a las macrófitas aguas abajo, creando un claro que posteriormente es recolonizado por E. densa. En las primeras etapas, el desarrollo de esta planta acuática estaría regulado principalmente por factores abióticos, tales como la concentración de nutrientes en el medio, mientras que en etapas posteriores tendrían mayor incidencia los factores bióticos, como la presencia de otras especies de macrófitas (principalmente Lemnaceas), el ficoperifiton y los herbívoros.
In-stream nutrient retention is an important ecosystem function because it can regulate nutrient fate and export to downstream ecosystems. Temporal variation in nutrient retention in streams has been studied extensively at the annual and seasonal scale but less thoroughly at the diel scale. However, understanding temporal variability in nutrient uptake at the diel scale can increase understanding of the role of photoautotrophic primary production on nutrient uptake in streams, especially open-canopy streams. We hypothesized that nutrient retention mostly depends on autotrophic demand in open-canopy streams and that it varies following the diel pattern of gross primary production (GPP). We therefore evaluated the temporal variation in phosphate (PO43−) and ammonium (NH4+) uptake at a daily scale in a highly-productive Pampean stream that is dominated by a dense assemblage of macrophytes and filamentous algae. We conducted 6 slug additions of PO43− and NH4+ over a 24-h period and quantified reach-scale nutrient uptake concurrently with measurements of whole-stream metabolism and chemical variables during additions (including nitrates and nitrites). The study stream had extremely high uptake of PO43− and NH4+ (>90 and >75% retention of the P and N mass added, respectively). Uptake of PO43− did not vary throughout the day. Estimated PO43− uptake from GPP accounted for only a small fraction of observed PO43− uptake. Thus, another mechanism, such as heterotrophic demand by microbial assemblages or adsorption onto sediments, could also have contributed to PO43− uptake in the study stream. In contrast, NH4+ uptake clearly varied throughout the day. Up to 48% of the observed NH4+ uptake rate could be explained by NH4+ estimated from GPP, and NH4+ demand was positively associated with GPP, indicating a high dependence on photoautotrophic demand. An increase of nitrite (NO2−) concentration during additions (representing up to 70% of the added mass of NH4+) suggests that nitrification contributed to the diel pattern of NH4+ uptake. Our results indicate that nutrient uptake does not always rely on autotrophic demand in open-canopy streams and that other abiotic and dissimilatory mechanisms may explain the diel patterns of nutrient retention. In addition, our study highlights the need to measure uptake metrics throughout the day to obtain an accurate estimate of nutrient retention on a daily scale.
Abstract We characterized how land use influenced dissolved nutrients and periphytic algal biomass in an Andean basin from Northwest Patagonia. Nutrient export, especially dissolved inorganic nitrogen increased with human population density. However, no correlation between nutrient concentration and algal biomass was found, which could instead be limited by light availability. Our results suggest that local N-limited ecosystems are liable to eutrophication by increased demographic pressure and that alternative wastewater treatment strategies are necessary for sustainable growth.
Influence of phosphorus and irradiance on phytoplanktonic chlorophyll-a concentration and phosphorus contents at a diel scale in a Mediterranean reservoirPhosphorus concentration in the water is one of the main factors regulating phytoplankton biomass and productivity in inland water bodies.However, phosphorus uptake by algae could not cause immediate growth, because other factors (light and other nutrient availability) may limit production.Nonetheless, "luxurious" phosphorus uptake (i.e.phosphorus uptake beyond the algal requirements) has been observed, and it has been interpreted as storage to use in situations of low nutrient availability.Thus, the assessment of the effect of phosphorus supply on algal growth is not straightforward, especially at very short time scales.In this study, we analyze the relationships between environmental phosphorus levels and internal phosphorus and chlorophyll-a contents in phytoplankton at a diel scale in a Mediterranean reservoir, considering the different algal (intracellular and membrane-associated) and water phosphorus pools.We also evaluated the influence of light on these relationships by sampling at two water depths with different irradiance levels.Our hypothesis is that chlorophyll-a and intracellular phosphorus contents in phytoplankton are both influenced by ambient phosphorus and irradiance levels, which are complementary resources for algae as the nutrient-light hypothesis proposes.Phosphorus concentration and relative contribution of each phosphorus fraction was similar at both sampling depths.Total phosphorus concentration was dominated by the particulate pool (70 %), and dissolved inorganic phosphate represented only one third of the dissolved pool.Total phosphorus content and the relative contribution of the different pools in algal cells were similar at both sampling depths.Intracellular phosphorus pool was on average 77 % of the total nutrient content, while phosphorus associated to membranes represented the remaining of the total pool.Mean intracellular SRP concentration was 36 % of the intracellular phosphorus content.None of the algal phosphorus pools showed significant correlations with underwater light levels at both sampling depths.Total chlorophyll-a concentration showed no significant correlations with the several water phosphorus pools at both sampling depths, because each algal group responded differently to environmental phosphorus levels, and these responses also varied with depth.We found significant relationships between the intracellular phosphorus content and the different phosphorus pools in water, but this almost 'automatic' response of algae to phosphorus levels in water was not reflected in changes in the chlorophyll-a content, at least within the 3-day time frame of this study.A possible explanation is that processes associated to nutrient uptake and biomass construction operate over different time scales.The results of this work emphasize the complexity of the links between environmental phosphorus concentration and phytoplanktonic phosphorus content and biomass, and the importance of scale in analysing such relationships.
We assessed the effects of nutrient enrichment on three stream ecosystems running through distinct biomes (Mediterranean, Pampean and Andean). We increased the concentrations of N and P in the stream water 1.6–4-fold following a before–after control–impact paired series (BACIPS) design in each stream, and evaluated changes in the biomass of bacteria, primary producers, invertebrates and fish in the enriched (E) versus control (C) reaches after nutrient addition through a predictive-BACIPS approach. The treatment produced variable biomass responses (2–77% of explained variance) among biological communities and streams. The greatest biomass response was observed for algae in the Andean stream (77% of the variance), although fish also showed important biomass responses (about 9–48%). The strongest biomass response to enrichment (77% in all biological compartments) was found in the Andean stream. The magnitude and seasonality of biomass responses to enrichment were highly site specific, often depending on the basal nutrient concentration and on windows of ecological opportunity (periods when environmental constraints other than nutrients do not limit biomass growth). The Pampean stream, with high basal nutrient concentrations, showed a weak response to enrichment (except for invertebrates), whereas the greater responses of Andean stream communities were presumably favored by wider windows of ecological opportunity in comparison to those from the Mediterranean stream. Despite variation among sites, enrichment globally stimulated the algal-based food webs (algae and invertebrate grazers) but not the detritus-based food webs (bacteria and invertebrate shredders). This study shows that nutrient enrichment tends to globally enhance the biomass of stream biological assemblages, but that its magnitude and extent within the food web are complex and are strongly determined by environmental factors and ecosystem structure.