Sujan Bhattarai

University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff

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Dayan A. Perera

University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff

Anita M. Kelly

Auburn University

Nilima Renukdas

Arkansas Department of Agriculture

Nihar Bendre

The University of Texas at San Antonio

Ali Parsaeimehr

Delaware State University

Isaac Corley

The University of Texas at San Antonio

Amit Kumar Sinha

University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff

Kailash Bohara

University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff

Shailesh Gurung

Tribhuvan University

Neda Zand

The University of Texas at San Antonio

Cooperative Institutions

University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff

The University of Texas at San Antonio

Auburn University

Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science

Mississippi State University

Delaware State University

Tecnológico de Monterrey

DuPont (United States)

Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Universiti Teknologi Petronas

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Study the Status of Fish Farming in Shiktahan VDC of Rupandehi District of Nepal

Global Journal of Biology, Agriculture & Health Sciences (2016)

Shailesh Gurung Suraj Kumar Singh Sujan Bhattarai

A research was conducted in 30 households to study the status of fish farming in Shiktahan VDC of Rupandehi district in 2014. It was found that 26.67% of respondent have pond area between 0.25-0.5 kattha, where as 43.33%, 16.67% and 13.3% have 0.51-0.75, 0.76-1 and above 1 kattha respectively. Common carp, Grass carp, Big head carp, Rohu and Naini was cultivated in 86.6%, 93.3%, 40%, 63.33% and 6.7% household respectively. Among the total stock of fingerlings, 39.62% was of Silver carp, 17.76% of Common carp, 16.39% of grass carp, 9.72% of big head carp, 13.84% of Rohu, 2.67% of Naini were found. Comparing the total harvest, 44.78% was obtained from Silver carp, 18.87% from commom carp, 14.17% from grass carp, 11.3% from Rohu, 8.53% from Bighead carp and 2.32% from Naini. Similarly, in case of total income, 36.29% was found from Silver carp, 20.1% from Common carp, 19.54% from grass carp, 12.2% from Bighead carp, 10.08% from Rohu, 1.79% from Naini. The study concluded that fish farming has helped to uplift economic development of rural VDC member.

Bighead carp

Grass carp

Common carp

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Identification and Characterization of Germ Cell Genes Vasa and Nanos-2 in the Ovary and Testis of White Crappie (Pomoxis annularis) and the Ovary of Black Crappie (P. nigromaculatus)

Fishes (2024)

Sujan Bhattarai Nilima Renukdas Anita M. Kelly Amit Kumar Sinha Sanjay Joshi

The vasa gene, encoding an ATP-dependent RNA helicase, and the nanos-2 gene, an RNA-binding protein, are essential for germ cell origination, migration, maintenance, and development in vertebrates and invertebrates. The expression levels of the vasa and nanos-2 genes have not yet been investigated or reported in crappie species. These two genes were partially sequenced and characterized, and their expression patterns were analyzed using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) according to age and sex. The vasa sequences of white crappie (WC) females and males showed significant similarity with the vasa homologs of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides; 93.1–93.98%) and smallmouth bass (M. dolomieu; 91.95–92.77%), indicating its conserved nature within the Family Centrarchidae. The vasa sequence of black crappie (BC) females showed significant similarity with the vasa homologs of white crappie (91.67%), largemouth bass (96.10%), smallmouth bass (96.10%), spotted scat (Scatophagus argus; 97.37%), mandarin fish (Siniperca chutasi; 96.15%), Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus; 94.87%), lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus; 91.95%), southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii; 94.74%), large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea; 92.21%), and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus; 92.21%). The nanos-2 sequences of WC females, WC males, and BC females showed significant similarity with the nanos-2 of largemouth bass (92.92–96.36%), smallmouth bass (92.92–96.36%), and mandarin fish (92.66–94.34%). The expression of vasa in BC females was significantly higher at age-2 than at age-1, while WC males and females presented no significant age-related differences. Neither species had a significant difference in nanos-2 gene expression with age. The expression levels of vasa and nanos-2 were significantly higher in WC males than females.

White (mutation)

10.3390/fishes9100394

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Crash Prediction for Prioritization of Intersections for Safety Improvement: Case Study of Kathmandu Valley

Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management (2019)

Sujan Bhattarai

Every year globally 1.3 million people lose their lives from road traffic crashes (RTAs). Similarly, increasing rate of RTAs has been observed in Nepal including Kathmandu valley. This study is focused on the analysis of crash trends and respective site specific geometric features of urban road intersections in Kathmandu valley. Seventeen major intersections based on the data availability and traffic volume, are considered for the analysis of crash type. Previous crash data and traffic volume records of one year have been analysed. Common types of three and four legged intersections were taken for the study. Classified traffic volume at those intersections were converted into the Annual Average Daily Traffic. Evaluation factors for the crash analysis were determined by using predictive method. Crash frequency, crash rate, critical crash rate and crash prediction methods were used for ranking of the intersection. Priority for the safety improvement is prepared based on the results of this study.

Prioritization

10.3126/jacem.v5i0.26765

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Isolation, in vitro culture, and characterization of black crappie, Pomoxis nigromaculatus and white crappie, P. annularis ovarian tissue primary cells

Journal of the World Aquaculture Society (2023)

Sujan Bhattarai Jacob H. Jones Nilima Renukdas Anita M. Kelly Dayan A. Perera

Abstract Investigations were conducted to develop a general protocol for the isolation and in vitro culture of ovary‐derived cells from black crappie, Pomoxis nigromaculatus , and white crappie, P. annularis. Five digestive enzymes: 500 U/mL collagenase type I, 500 U/mL collagenase type IV, 0.05% trypsin‐EDTA, 0.25% trypsin‐EDTA, and 1X TrypLE™ Express were evaluated for live cell isolation. The isolated cells were cultured in 10 or 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS) in L‐15 growth media. In addition, four incubation temperatures (15°C, 20°C, 25°C, and 30°C) were also evaluated. The number of live cells obtained from the 0.25% trypsin and TrypLE™ Express treatments was significantly higher than other treatments. No difference in cell growth was observed between the two FBS treatments. Cells isolated using TrypLE™ Express and 0.25% trypsin reached 80% to 90% confluency in 12.5 cm 2 cell culture flasks within 5 days of inoculation at 20 and 25°C. At 15°C, 10 days were required to reach 80%–90% confluency. Morphologically, cells incubated at 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C appeared healthier than cells incubated at 30°C, where irregular cell shape and substrate detachment were observed. We concluded TrypLE™ Express and 0.25% trypsin were optimal for cell dissociation and isolation of crappie ovarian cells. An incubation temperature of 20°C–25°C was favorable for cell culture in L‐15 media supplemented with either 10% or 20% FBS.

Fetal bovine serum

10.1111/jwas.12981

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Natural Disaster Analytics using High Resolution Satellite Images

2022 World Automation Congress (WAC) (2022)

Nihar Bendre Neda Zand Sujan Bhattarai Isaac Corley Mo Jamshidi

Throughout history, natural calamities have taken a toll on both property and life. Forest fires, hurricanes, floods, earthquakes, and tornadoes are all responsible for substantial damages, and often render access to the affected areas difficult. One of the challenges, particularly in remote areas, is accurately assessing the severity of the disaster. In this paper, we propose a solution to the challenge of determining the severity of property damage through the analysis building change within satellite imagery. We determine the severity of the loss by training deep neural networks to count buildings which were destroyed in multitemporal satellite imagery of the affected area. We demonstrate, through experimental results, that a model composed of a Single Shot Detector (SSD) and a Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) trained with Focal Loss is able to detect buildings through satellite imagery with improved performance compared to conventional object detection models. For evaluation, we use the xView dataset, which consists of high resolution satellite images containing building labels. We evaluate three different object detection models, namely: (i) SSD, (ii) Faster R-CNN (Regional-based Convolutional Neural Network), and (iii) SSD+FPN with Focal Loss. Our findings show that SSD+FPN with focal loss model achieves mAP improvements of 15% and 20% increase in detecting buildings in comparison to Faster R-CNN and standard SSD models, respectively. The improved mAP metric is a reflection of our more accurate detection and localization of buildings from remotely sensed imagery.

Pyramid (geometry)

Feature (linguistics)

10.23919/wac55640.2022.9934752

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Evaluation of Two Densities for Holding Live Food Fish in a Small Recirculating Aquaculture System

North American Journal of Aquaculture (2021)

Sujan Bhattarai Kenneth J. Semmens

Abstract Small recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) are used to market live food fish, particularly in certain ethnic markets. We evaluated fish performance, water quality, and physiology of Channel Catfish (CCF) Ictalurus punctatus and Largemouth Bass (LMB) Micropterus salmoides that were harvested from ponds, transported, and held live at two stocking densities in a small RAS. One trial was conducted for each species, with two treatments (20 and 40 kg/m 3 ) in each trial. Trials were conducted in individual RASs without feed during a holding period of 8 d. Water quality for each holding tank was measured at stocking and daily thereafter (24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168, and 192 h). Blood samples were obtained from fish to evaluate physiological response. Both CCF and LMB survived well in the system, with no mortality in either treatment. Average weight loss across both trials at a temperature of 15°C was 3.1% for CCF and 4.8% for LMB. Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), un‐ionized ammonia (UIA), nitrite, and nitrate increased significantly over time in both trials. Mean water pH was significantly lower and mean TAN and UIA were significantly higher in the 40‐kg/m 3 treatment for both trials. Blood glucose rose significantly after harvest and returned to a resting state during the holding period in both species. Blood sodium, potassium, and chloride also returned to a resting state within 24–72 h in the holding system. Estimated accumulation of TAN was 35.6 mg kg fish −1 ·d −1 for CCF and 21.6 mg kg fish −1 ·d −1 for LMB. Although the RAS biofilter was unable to convert ammonia to nitrate at the rate it was produced, the holding systems performed adequately at the densities evaluated. These trials provide data in support of the common practice of holding food‐size CCF and LMB at densities of 40 kg/m 3 or less over a period of 8 d in a small RAS.

Recirculating aquaculture system

10.1002/naaq.10180

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CRISPR-based diagnostic in aquaculture: Application, Potential/Opportunities, and Limitations

SSRN Electronic Journal (2024)

Kailash Bohara Ali Parsaeimehr Sujan Bhattarai

Aquaculture is an expanding industry encompassing both inland and sea-based operations, driven by the increasing demand for aquaculture products. However, the occurrence of various diseases in the aquaculture industries leads to substantial economic losses amounting to billions of dollars annually. Rapid diagnosis of diseases is crucial for the early surveillance and treatment of aquaculture diseases. Although nucleic acid-based diagnostic methods are currently utilized in aquaculture, they suffer from prolonged turnaround times and a lack of efficient diagnostic techniques, which hinders the management and treatment of aquatic diseases. In contrast, CRISPR-based diagnostic methods have emerged as promising alternatives due to their portability, sensitivity, rapidity, and cost-effectiveness, as demonstrated in human and animal diagnostics. Consequently, researchers have dedicated efforts in recent years to develop various assays for diagnosing aquatic diseases, capitalizing on diverse CRISPR-Cas systems, each with their own strengths and limitations. This review aims to consolidate and summarize the characteristics, applicability, and limitations of different CRISPR-based diagnostic methods developed specifically for aquaculture.

10.2139/ssrn.4815342

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