This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of diabetic therapeutic footwear design in preventing the foot ulcer. A total of 36 type 2 diabetic patients were investigated. The foot plantar pressure was measured with Novel-Pedar insole pressure measure system. The subjects were measured under common leather shoes and common running shoes. Different regions of plantar surface were analyzed. Comparing with two different conditions, Generally, except other toes region, the peak pressure values in running shoes were lower than the leather shoes. Both midfoot and medial forefoot region were significantly different between two intervene. Running shoes might be useful for preventing the diabetic foot ulcer. Because they could reduce the peak pressure effectively than the leather shoes, and make the distribution of the pressure on the foot sole more reasonably.
As one of the official sports in the Winter Olympics Games, ice hockey is a competitive team activity combining changeable skating skills with agile hockey skills. The biomechanical studies of different skills used by ice hockey players are considered to be effective ways to improve performance and reduce injury risks. The purpose of this study was to conduct a review that elucidated the biomechanical research about those techniques. Englishlanguage literature searches of the electronic databases in Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were performed from 1999 to June 2019, using the following key words: ‘Biomechanics’ AND ‘Ice hockey player’ OR ‘Ice hockey athlete.’ Of the 455 identified articles, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Most of the studies were conducted by Canadians and it is consistent with the country’s dominant position in ice hockey competitions. Forward skating, skating start, and shooting were the most studied skills in order to optimize sports performance and reduce injury risks. Players with different levels or sex would exhibit different biomechanical characteristics during forward skating and skating start, and those characteristics may also alter with each stride. In addition, several factors, including the players and sticks’ characteristics, may be associated with the shot accuracy. While ice hockey is always considered as a high-risk sport, little biomechanical studies have been conducted to explore the injury mechanisms and preventions of specific ice hockey techniques. Future research on the biomechanical analysis of ice hockey players’ skills, especially the injuries during some specific ice hockey skills, is much needed.
Recently, an unprecedented coronavirus pandemic has emerged and has spread around the world. The novel coronavirus termed COVID-19 by the World Health Organization has posed a huge threat to human safety and social development. This mini review aimed to summarize the online education mode and plans for schools to resume full-time campus study in China during COVID-19. Chinese schools have made significant contributions to the prevention and control of the transmission of COVID-19 by adopting online learning from home. However, normal opening and classroom teaching have been affected. For education systems at all levels, online education may be an effective way to make up for the lack of classroom teaching during the epidemic. To protect staff and students from COVID-19, the timing of students returning to full-time campus study needs to be considered carefully. Reviewing and summarizing of the Chinese education system's response to the virus would be of great value not only in developing educational policy but also in guiding other countries to formulate educational countermeasures.
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the optimal choice of traditional Chinese exercises (TCEs) for improving bone mineral density in postmenopausal women through a network meta-analysis. Methods: Chinese and English databases were searched, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chongqing VIP, PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. The outcomes included BMD of lumbar L2-L4, femoral neck, Ward’s triangle, and greater trochanter. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the correlation between each group of interventions, and surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) was used to rank the best interventions. Results: A total of 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 1933 subjects and six interventions:( Tai Chi (TC), Baduanjin (BDJ), Wuqinxi (WQX), Yijinjing (YJJ), Tai Chi plus calcium supplementation (TA), and Baduanjin plus calcium supplementation (BA)) were analyzed. Regarding the BMD of the lumbar L2-L4: TC [SMD= 0.99 (0.62,1.37)], BDJ [SMD= 2.12 (1.39,2.85)], TA [SMD= (1.12(0.17,2.07)] and BA [SMD= 2.24 (1.16,3.31)] were superior in increasing BMD of lumbar L2-L4 relative to No exercise intervention (NEI). Regarding the BMD of the femoral neck: TC [SMD= 1.24 (0.70,1.78)] and BA [SMD= 3.77 (1.98,5.56)] were superior in increasing BMD of femoral neck relative to NEI. Regarding the BMD of the ward’s triangle: TC [SMD= 1.63 (1.09,2.17)] was superior in increasing the BMD of the ward’s triangle relative to NEI. Regarding the BMD of the greater trochanter: TC [SMD= 0.98 (0.28,1.68)] was superior in increasing the BMD of the greater trochanter relative to NEI. TC topped the SUCRA with BMD of lumbar L2-L4: 53.8, femoral neck: 74.9, Ward’s triangle:86.9 and greater trochanter: 77.7. Conclusion: Four TCEs (TC, BDJ, TA and BA) are all effective in partially improving BMD indicators in postmenopausal women, while TC was effective on all four BMD indicators, which seems to be recommended as the most suitable exercise modality for postmenopausal women.
Backward jump-landing during sports performance will result in dynamic postural instability with a greater risk of injury, and most research studies have focused on forward landing. Differences in kinematic temporal characteristics between single-leg and double-leg backward jump-landing are seldom researched and understood. The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze lower extremity kinematic differences throughout the landing phases of forward and backward jumping using single-leg and double-leg landings (FS and BS, FD and BD). Kinematic data were collected during the landing phases of FS and BS, FD and BD in 45 participants. Through statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis, we found that the BS showed smaller hip and knee flexion and greater vertical ground reactive force (VGRF) than the FS during 0–37.42% (p = 0.031), 16.07–32.11% (p = 0.045), and 23.03–17.32% (p = 0.041) landing phases. The BD showed smaller hip and knee flexion than the FD during 0–20.66% (p = 0.047) and 0–100% (p < 0.001) landing phases. Most differences appeared within a time frame during the landing phase at 30–50 ms in which non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are thought to occur and are consistent with the identification of risk in biomechanical analysis. A landing strategy that consciously increases the knee and hip flexion angles during backward landing should be considered for people as a measure to avoid injury during the performance of this type of physical activity.
Background: Dietary sugar intake has been implicated in the development of metabolic dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and immune dysfunction, contributing to the pathogenesis of various diseases. This study aimed to investigate the associations between dietary total simple sugar intake and glycemic markers, lipid profile, serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and adenosine deaminase activity (ADA), among semi-professional football players. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 108 semi-professional football players. Dietary intake of simple sugars was assessed using validated dietary assessment tools, while serum levels of biochemical variables were measured using standard laboratory assays. Multinomial logistic regression analysis and partial correlation analysis were performed to examine the associations between dietary simple sugars and serum biomarkers, adjusting for confounders. Results: Strong positive associations were observed between dietary total simple sugar intake and hs-CRP and ADA levels in multinomial regression analysis. Also, among individual assessment of dietary simple sugars, dietary fructose and glucose intake were positively correlated with serum hs-CRP levels (r = 0.484, P < 0.001 and r = 0.393, P < 0.001, respectively) and serum ADA levels (r = 0.233, P = 0.001 for glucose; r = 0.188, P = 0.01 for fructose). There was no other association between dietary simple sugar intake and metabolic parameters. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the significant impact of dietary sugar intake on inflammation, as reflected by serum hs-CRP and ADA levels. Strategies aimed at reducing sugar consumption may help mitigate inflammation and improve overall health outcomes. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and to explore potential therapeutic interventions targeting dietary sugar intake for the prevention and management of chronic diseases.
In the simulation of power electronic devices, the high-power switching devices, such as IGBT and IGCT, has been treated as an ideal switching device due to its fast switching characteristics and complex electromagnetic characteristics. Although the ideal model has the best switching characteristics, the switching losses of the real device working in high-frequency can not be ignored . This paper discussed the necessity and difficulty of real-time simulation on IGBT, and three relevant methods at the base of single-cycle-delay have been proposed according to a simulation model, experiments have shown that real-time simulation of the device can be achieved quickly and accurately by the methods proposed in this paper.
The impact of high-heeled shoes on the human gait kinetic is an important research field. Most published studies have been focused on the effects of high-heeled shoes on normal walking, while works on more intensive locomotion such as dancing is very limited. The purpose of this work was to investigate the foot pressure distribution, impact force and impulse during Latin dancing with different heel heights. Biomechanical measurements were performed for typical dance steps on six professional dance athletes. The load of each sole zone was calculated and the significance of the heel height effect was determined with statistical analysis. The results indicate that increasing heel height could cause an increase of impact forces in the forefoot and a reduction in the heel region. The effect of the heel height in dancing is different from normal gait and the lateral metatarsal region was identified as the most intensely affected zone in dancing.
This study analyzed the foot loading on the outsole area while walking in high-heeled shoes. Twelve healthy female volunteers have participated in the test with the heel height of the shoe varied from 0 cm, 4.5 cm and 8.5 cm. The results of this study shows that increasing heel height could increase the peak pressure value in the outsole's forefoot and heel area. The force-time integral value indicates the heel region is in the reverse direction comparing to the peak pressure, this reflects the impulse in the heel region is decreased when the heel height increased, and the outsole's high peak pressure of heel was majorly caused by the heel contact area. The high-heeled shoes would make incontrovertible fashion comeback, but the distinctively effect to the foot kinetics should be noticed.
Barbell squats are commonly used in daily training and rehabilitation. Injuries are not common when the posture is standard, but the wrong posture can lead to injuries. Rearfoot valgus is a common foot abnormality that may increase the risk of injury during sports. The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanics of lower limbs in normal foot and valgus patients during barbell squat.In this study, 10 participants with normal foot shape and 10 participants with rearfoot valgus were enrolled. The joint angle, joint moment, and range of motion of hip, knee, and ankle joints were collected under 0, 30, and 70% one-repetition maximum (RM) load, where discrete data are statistically analyzed using the independent sample t-test, and continuous data are statistically analyzed using one-dimensional parameter statistical mapping.In barbell squats, the range of motion and the joint moment of the hip, knee, and ankle in the rearfoot valgus participants were significantly larger than those in normal foot participants (p < 0.05). The participants with rearfoot valgus had a more significant knee valgus angle when squatting to the deepest (p < 0.05). In addition, with the increase in load, the participants with rearfoot valgus showed greater standardized medial knee contact force (p < 0.05). In the process of barbell squats, the participants with rearfoot valgus showed no significant difference in the foot valgus angle when compared with the normal foot shape (p > 0.05).The valgus population showed a greater range of joint motion when performing barbell squats and showed genu valgus and greater medial knee contact force, which may increase the risk of musculoskeletal and soft tissue damage such as meniscus wear. In addition, there was no significant difference in the rearfoot valgus angle between people with rearfoot valgus and people with normal foot shape during squatting, so barbell squatting may correct valgus to a certain extent.
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