Germanium (Ge) is a promising substrate for semiconductor devices in the near future. However, wet-chemical preparations that enable the control of the structure of the Ge surface have not yet been developed. In this study, the surface structure of Ge(111) after HCl treatment is characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). XPS spectra revealed that purging with inert gas, such as nitrogen, is necessary to obtain a Ge surface free of oxide, probably because dissolved oxygen from air rapidly oxidizes the surface. Cl-terminated Ge surfaces are microscopically rough, but are composed of terraces and steps, as revealed by magnified STM images. Step edges run not along specific directions reflecting the crystallographic nature of the (111) surface but randomly. Many atomic-scale protrusions with the height of around 0.1 nm are dispersed on terraces. They are likely to be impurities such as carbon contaminants and water on Cl-terminated terraces attracted by Cl atoms with high electronegativity.
It is known that human eccrine sweat ducts are composed of luminal cells and peripheral cells. In this study, the immunohistochemical staining properties of human eccrine sweat ducts were investigated using seven different anti-keratin antibodies by light microscopy. Anti-keratin antibody MA904, which reacts with 68-kDa keratin peptide specifically stained an intermediate cell layer between the luminal cell layer and the peripheral cell layer in the ducts. Anti-keratin antibody CK8,60 stained both the luminal cell layer and the intermediate cell layer. Anti-keratin antibody MA903 stained all of the layers. Anti-keratin antibodies CK4.26, PKK1, and MAK-6 weakly to faintly stained the luminal cells. Anti-keratin antibody PKK3 stained no cells in the ducts. These results suggest that each cell layer has its own characteristic staining pattern with anti-keratin antibodies. Moreover, the presence of an intermediate cell layer was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy using anti-keratin antibody MA904.
Immunohistochemical staining properties of amyloids with anti-keratin antibodies were investigated using an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) system on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. Anti-keratin antibody EAB-903 which recognize 66K and 57K daltons keratin peptides reacted with amyloid deposits in both lichen amyloidosus (LA) and macular amyloidosis (MA), but did not react with either primary systemic amyloidosis (AL), secondary systemic amyloidosis (AA) or heredofamilial amyloid polyneuropathy (AF). However, anti-keratin antibodies EAB-904 and MAK-6 did not react with any types of amyloids. These results suggested that immunohistochemical staining with anti-keratin antibody EAB-903 using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections appeared to be a useful method in making differential diagnosis of primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis (AD).
A 37-year-old man with myelodysplastic syndrome visited our clinic complaining some exudative erythema on November 30, 1994. Some erythema on the head was painful.Histologically his skin lesion showed moderate neutrophil and some blasts infiltration in the dermis with mild edema.From these findings, this case was considered as Sweet's syndrome-like symptom occurred in the course of myelodysplastic syndrome.
Four cases of Bowen's disease associated with early gastric cancer were reported.Case 1. A 60-year old man visited our department in June, 1985, with a 17×19mm sized erythema on the penis. Bowen's disease was histologically diagnosed. Soft X-ray therapy cured the lesion. Examination of internal organs demonstrated lung cancer in February, 1986. A combination of chemotherapy and radiation exerted a complete remission. In December, 1987, X-ray examination of upper gastro-intestinal tract revealed multiple early gastric cancer (IIa+IIc, IIa, IIc, IIc). The patient underwent surgery.Case 2. A 79-year old man visited in September, 1987 with pigmented macules on the waist, abdomen and left axilla, sized 59×75mm, 20×18mm and 21×31mm respectively. Bowen's disease was histolocally diagnosed for the waist lesion and basal cell carcinoma were diagnosed for the others. Examination of internal organs revealed multiple early gastric cancer (I+IIa, IIc+IIa) in October, 1987. One month after the gastrectomy, the skin lesions were removed in December, 1987.Case 3. A 65-year old man visited in October, 1990 with a 10×15mm sized ulcer on the left index. The lesion was histologically diagnosed as Bowen's disease. The lesion was totally removed. Examination of internal organs showed an early gastric cancer (IIc) in January, 1991. So that gastrectomy was curried out.Case 4. A 73-year old man visited in January, 1991 with a 30×34mm sized pigmented macule on the left arm. The lesion was histologically diagnosed as Bowen's disease and totally removed. Examination of internal organs disclosed an early gastric cancer (IIa) in January, 1991. The patient refused our proposal of surgical operation.From January, 1985 to December, 1992, 43 patients with Bowen's disease visited our hospital. Sixteen patients of them were examined for the malignancy of internal organs. Eight patients (50%) of them were associated with malignant tumor, including 6 patients (37.5%) with internal malignancy. This study includes 3 patient who would have been killed by the tumor, if the internal examination were not suggested by their Bowen's disease. This result suggest the importance of internal examination in the patients with Bowen's disease.
A 80-year-old man occured with squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and solar keratosis is reported. He had a 16×14mm sized nodule on his left hand, two black papules, 6×7mm and 3×4mm, on his nose and hyperkeratotic pigmented macules on his scalp. Histpathologically, the tumor on the hand showed hyperkeratosis, papillomatosis and acanthosis with atypical squamoid cells. They contained many individual cell keratinization and mitotic figures. Both papules on the nose were composed with basaloid tumor cell nests. The peripheral cell layer of the nests showed palisade arrangement of the nuclei. The macule on the scalp showed hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis and cellular atypicality in the basal cell layer. The upper dermis showed inflammatory cell infiltration and solar degeneration. The occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and solar keratosis in one person seems to be rare.
