Idiopathic or hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a relatively rare disease characterized by the enlargement of the gingiva, resulting in functional, esthetics and psychological disturbances. The degree of gingival overgrowth can be defined as: grade 0: no sign of gingival enlargement; grade I: enlargement confined to interdental papilla; grade II: enlargement involves papilla and marginal gingiva; and grade III: enlargement covers three quarters or more of the crown. This case report describes the case of a 16-year-old girl suffering from HGF with chief complaint of gingival swelling. Intraoral examination exhibited diffuse and grade III gingival enlargement in both jaws and also in both surfaces of buccal and lingual/palatal. Treatment included surgery (internal and external gingivectomy) in six sessions, and prescription of antibiotics and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash. Moreover, gingivoplasty was performed in the esthetic zone of maxilla after performing all the surgeries in the mouth. The patient was under regular follow-up visits. The treatment outcomes after six months were satisfactory and no symptoms of recurrence were observed.
This study aimed to identify oral Lactobacillus species and characterize their adhesion properties and antibacterial activity in patients with periodontitis compared with periodontally healthy individuals.Three hundred and fifty-four isolates from the saliva, subgingival, and tongue plaque of 59 periodontitis patients and 59 healthy individuals were analyzed. Oral Lactobacillus species were identified through the culture method in the modified MRS medium and confirmed by molecular testing. Moreover, the radial diffusion assay and cell culture methods were used to determine the antibacterial activities of oral strains against oral pathogens and their adhesion activity in vitro.67.7% of the cases and 75.7% of the control samples were positive for the Lactobacillus species. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Limosilactobacillus fermentum were the dominant species in the case group, whereas Lacticaseibacillus casei and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum were dominant in the control group. Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus gasseri had higher antibacterial effects against oral pathogens. Moreover, Ligilactobacillus salivarius and L. fermentum demonstrated the highest ability to adhere to oral mucosal cells and salivary-coated hydroxyapatite.L. crispatus, L. gasseri, L. fermentum, and L. salivarius can be introduced as probiotic candidates since they demonstrated appropriate adherence to oral mucosal cells and salivary-coated hydroxyapatite and also antibacterial activities. However, further studies should be conducted to assess the safety of probiotic interventions using these strains in patients with periodontal disease.
Organophosphates (OPs) and carbamates are acetylcholine esterase inhibitors (AChEIs), which can cause seizure and lethality. Anticonvulsant properties of potassium channel openers including cromakalim have been determined in previous studies. In the present experiment, the possible effect of cromakalim on the convulsion and death induced by OPs and carbamates was studied in mice. Dichlorvos (an OP, 50 mg/kg) and physostigmine (a carbamate, 2 mg/kg) were used to induce seizure in animals. Cromakalim at doses of 0.1, 10, and 30 µg/kg was injected 30 min before dichlorvos and physostigmine, and 5 min before glibenclamide (a potassium channel blocker, 1 mg/kg) administration. All injections were performed intraperitoneally. After drugs administration, the onset of convulsion, death, the severity of seizure, and rate of mortality were investigated. Results revealed that both dichlorvos and physostigmine induced seizure activity and lethality in 100% of the animals. Cromakalim at doses of 0.1, 10, and 30 µg/kg significantly increased the latency of both seizure and death (P<0.05). Also, cromakalim decreased the mortality rate induced by dichlorvos and physostigmine (P<0.05). On the other hand, glibenclamide blocked all aspects of the anticonvulsant effect of cromakalim (P<0.05). This study revealed for the first time that cromakalim (a KATP channel opener) diminishes the seizure and death induced by dichlorvos and physostigmine in mice, and introduces a new aspect to manage the patients who suffer from OPs/carbamates-induced seizure.
Abstract Rationale, aims and objectives Despite easy accessibility of the oral cavity to examination most oral cancers are only identified at advanced stages. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of general doctors and dentists on oral cancer in Qazvin to form the basis of development of undergraduate and postgraduate education programmes for early detection and prevention of oral cancer. Methods A cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based study was performed on general medical practitioners and general dental practitioners in 2009. Analysis was performed using spss software. Results The mean knowledge score of all participants was at moderate level and there was no significant difference between the two groups. There was a significant correlation between knowledge score and age, time from graduation and the interval since the last refresher course on oral cancer ( P < 0.05). Smoking (78%) and alcohol consumption (34.9%) were noted as the two major risk factors by the entire population study. Approximately 80.9% of participants identified the tongue as among the most common sites for oral cancers while only 25.7% identified the floor of the mouth and 28.3% the lips as other areas of occurrence. Conclusion This study demonstrated an inadequate level of knowledge on oral cancers in both groups. Additional training in universities as well as continuing educational programmes on prevention and early detection of oral cancers is recommended.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) research is still inconclusive due to methodological differences and constraints. The study aimed to review the function of oral microflora in the progression of oral cancer and to highlight the need for good oral hygiene practices for various reasons beyond only avoiding dental problems such as cavities and gum disease. Oral carcinoma is a rapidly increasing cancer with a high mortality rate, particularly in adolescents and young adults. Despite the progress of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, the percentage of people who will be alive is less than 50% after 5 years. Oral cancer has a terrible prognosis and can spread if it is not detected early; thus, researchers should focus on developing biomarkers that might detect the disease at an earlier stage. SCC has a complex set of causes. Factors and conditions predisposing to oral cancer include tobacco, alcohol, infections (e.g., candidiasis), viruses (human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus, and human papillomavirus), and systemic conditions (iron deficiency anemia, malnutrition, and vitamin A deficiency). Changes in the structure of oral bacteria are caused by two primary risk factors for oral cancer, including smoking and alcohol consumption. These microorganisms produce carcinogenic products such as acetaldehyde, which are associated with oral cancer. The oral cavity is host to a wide variety of microflora, including fungi, bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms, as one of the most abundant microbial habitats in the human body. Recent epidemiological research has linked specific periodontitis microorganisms to an increased risk of developing oral premalignant and neoplastic lesions. Clinicians have long noted a correlation among dental state, poor oral hygiene, and oral cancer, which may be independent of tobacco and alcohol use. Based on the results, more research is required to determine the precise results and the nature of the correlation between oral microbiota and oral cancer, considering the findings of the previous studies.
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