Sergio Toledo‐Redondo

Universidad de Murcia

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B. Lavraud

Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux

B. L. Giles

Goddard Space Flight Center

Y. V. Khotyaintsev

Swedish Institute of Space Physics

J. L. Burch

Southwest Research Institute

S. A. Fuselier

Southwest Research Institute

Jorge A. Portı́

Universidad de Granada

Alfonso Salinas

Universidad de Granada

D. J. Gershman

Goddard Space Flight Center

M. André

Swedish Institute of Space Physics

J. Dargent

Ruhr University Bochum

Cooperative Institutions

Goddard Space Flight Center

149

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

134

Charles River Laboratories (Netherlands)

110

Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory

104

John Wiley & Sons (United States)

Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research

Southwest Research Institute

University of Colorado Boulder

Heliophysics

University of California, Berkeley

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Global-Scale Processes and Effects of Magnetic Reconnection on the Geospace Environment

Space Science Reviews (2024)

S. A. Fuselier S. M. Petrinec P. H. Reiff J. Birn D. N. Baker

Abstract Recent multi-point measurements, in particular from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft, have advanced the understanding of micro-scale aspects of magnetic reconnection. In addition, the MMS mission, as part of the Heliospheric System Observatory, combined with recent advances in global magnetospheric modeling, have furthered the understanding of meso- and global-scale structure and consequences of reconnection. Magnetic reconnection at the dayside magnetopause and in the magnetotail are the drivers of the global Dungey cycle, a classical picture of global magnetospheric circulation. Some recent advances in the global structure and consequences of reconnection that are addressed here include a detailed understanding of the location and steadiness of reconnection at the dayside magnetopause, the importance of multiple plasma sources in the global circulation, and reconnection consequences in the magnetotail. These advances notwithstanding, there are important questions about global reconnection that remain. These questions focus on how multiple reconnection and reconnection variability fit into and complicate the Dungey Cycle picture of global magnetospheric circulation.

10.1007/s11214-024-01067-0

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Citations (9)

Energy conversion in a compressed magnetospheric separatrix: Observations and simulations

Mohammed Baraka O. Le Contel P. Canu Soboh Alqeeq Mojtaba Akhavan‐Tafti

Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental process that is ubiquitous in the universe. It converts magnetic field energy into heating and acceleration of plasma. On the dayside of the Earth’s magnetosphere, it is responsible for the dominant transport of plasma, momentum, and energy across the magnetopause from the solar wind into the Earth’s magnetosphere. The present study reports on a magnetic reconnection event with a guide field (BM=0.5 B) detected by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission (MMS) on October 21, 2015, around 04:39:24 UT. The MMS traversed the compressed magnetospheric separatrix and the reconnection jet far from the diffusion regions and in specific conditions: observing magnetospheric cold ions and a large magnetosheath density of up to 150 p/cc. We investigate the generalized Ohm’s law and the energy conversion process in the spacecraft frame (J.E) and in the fluid frame (J.E`) associated with the separatrix crossing under such conditions. We further validate and compare our results using 2D fully kinetic simulation.

Magnetosheath

Separatrix

10.5194/egusphere-egu24-9641

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Latitudinal Dependence of the Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability and Beta Dependence of Vortex‐Induced High‐Guide Field Magnetic Reconnection

Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics (2020)

Y. Vernisse B. Lavraud M. Faganello S. Fadanelli Manuela Sisti

Abstract We investigate both large‐ and small‐scale properties of a Kelvin‐Helmholtz (KH) event at the dusk flank magnetopause using Magnetospheric Multiscale observations on 8 September 2015. We first use two types of 3‐D simulations (global and local) to demonstrate that Magnetospheric Multiscale is close to the most KH unstable region, and so the occurrence of vortex‐induced reconnection may be expected. Because they produce low‐shear current sheets, KH vortices constitute a perfect laboratory to investigate magnetic reconnection with large guide field and low asymmetry. Recent works suggest that magnetic reconnection may be suppressed when a current sheet combines large guide field and pressure gradient (which induces a diamagnetic drift). We thus perform a statistical analysis of high‐resolution data for the 69 KH‐induced low‐shear magnetic reconnection events observed on that day. We find that the suppression mechanism is not at work for most of the observed reconnecting current sheets, as predicted, but we also find that almost all nonreconnecting current sheets should be reconnecting according to this model. This confirms the fact that the model provides a necessary but not sufficient condition for reconnection to occur. Finally, based on the same data set, we study the latitudinal distribution of these magnetic reconnection events combined with global magnetospheric modeling. We find that reconnection associated with KH vortices occurs over a significant range of latitudes at the flank magnetopause. It is not confined to the plane where the growth rate is maximum, in agreement with recent 3‐D simulations.

Current sheet

10.1029/2019ja027333

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Citations (9)

Kinetic interaction of cold and hot protons with an oblique EMIC wave near the dayside reconnecting magnetopause

Sergio Toledo‐Redondo Justin Lee S. K. Vines D. L. Turner Robert C. Allen

Earth and Space Science Open Archive This preprint has been submitted to and is under consideration at Geophysical Research Letters. ESSOAr is a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary.Learn more about preprints preprintOpen AccessYou are viewing the latest version by default [v1]Kinetic interaction of cold and hot protons with an oblique EMIC wave near the dayside reconnecting magnetopauseAuthorsSergioToledo-RedondoiDJustin HaoLeeiDSarah KimberlyVinesiDDrew L.TurnerRobert ColbyAllenMatsAndréiDScott A.BoardseniDJames LBurchiDRichard E.DentonHuishanFuStephen A.FuselierDaniel JGershmanBarbara L.GilesiDDaniel BruceGrahamiDNaritoshiKitamuraiDYuri V.KhotyaintseviDBenoitLavraudiDOlivierLe ConteliDWenyaLiiDThomas EarleMooreEnrique ANavarroJorge A.PortíiDAlfonsoSalinasiDAdolfo F.VinasSee all authors Sergio Toledo-RedondoiDCorresponding Author• Submitting AuthorDepartment of Electromagnetism and Electronics, University of MurciaiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4459-8783view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressJustin Hao LeeiDThe Aerospace CorporationiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6125-291Xview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressSarah Kimberly VinesiDJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7515-3285view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressDrew L. TurnerThe Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratoryview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressRobert Colby AllenJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratoryview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressMats AndréiDSwedish Institute of Space PhysicsiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3725-4920view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressScott A. BoardseniDNASA/GSFC-GPHIiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5240-044Xview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressJames L BurchiDSouthwest Research InstituteiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-8403view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressRichard E. DentonDartmouth Collegeview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressHuishan FuBeihang Universityview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressStephen A. FuselierSouthwest Research Instituteview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressDaniel J GershmanNASA Goddard Space Flight Centerview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressBarbara L. GilesiDNASA Goddard Space Flight CenteriDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8054-825Xview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressDaniel Bruce GrahamiDSwedish Institute of Space PhysicsiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-746Xview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressNaritoshi KitamuraiDThe University of TokyoiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2397-273Xview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressYuri V. KhotyaintseviDSwedish Institute of Space PhysicsiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5550-3113view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressBenoit LavraudiDInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie - CNRSiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6807-8494view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressOlivier Le ConteliDCNRS/Ecole Polytechnique/Sorbonne Université/Université Paris-Saclay/Obser. de ParisiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2713-7966view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressWenya LiiDState Key Laboratory of Space WeatheriDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1920-2406view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressThomas Earle MooreThird Rock Researchview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressEnrique A NavarroUniversity of Valenciaview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressJorge A. PortíiDUniversity of GranadaiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2107-7205view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressAlfonso SalinasiDUniversity of GranadaiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0899-1702view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressAdolfo F. VinasNASA/Goddard Flight Space Centerview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email address

space science

Lode

10.1002/essoar.10505728.1

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Solar Wind—Magnetosphere Coupling During Radial Interplanetary Magnetic Field Conditions: Simultaneous Multi‐Point Observations

Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics (2021)

Sergio Toledo‐Redondo Kyoung‐Joo Hwang C. P. Escoubet B. Lavraud Jesús Fornieles

Abstract In‐situ spacecraft missions are powerful assets to study processes that occur in space plasmas. One of their main limitations, however, is extrapolating such local measurements to the global scales of the system. To overcome this problem at least partially, multi‐point measurements can be used. There are several multi‐spacecraft missions currently operating in the Earth's magnetosphere, and the simultaneous use of the data collected by them provides new insights into the large‐scale properties and evolution of magnetospheric plasma processes. In this work, we focus on studying the Earth's magnetopause (MP) using a conjunction between the Magnetospheric Multiscale and Cluster fleets, when both missions skimmed the MP for several hours at distant locations during radial interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. The observed MP positions as a function of the evolving solar wind conditions are compared to model predictions of the MP. We observe an inflation of the magnetosphere (∼0.7 R E ), consistent with magnetosheath pressure decrease during radial IMF conditions, which is less pronounced on the flank ( 0.2 R E ). There is observational evidence of magnetic reconnection in the subsolar region for the whole encounter, and in the dusk flank for the last portion of the encounter, suggesting that reconnection was extending more than 15 R E . However, reconnection jets were not always observed, suggesting that reconnection was patchy, intermittent or both. Shear flows reduce the reconnection rate up to ∼30% in the dusk flank according to predictions, and the plasma β enhancement in the magnetosheath during radial IMF favors reconnection suppression by the diamagnetic drift.

Magnetosheath

Space physics

Space Weather

10.1029/2021ja029506

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Citations (9)

Four-year measurements from Sierra Nevada ELF station. Year 2015

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2022)

Alfonso Salinas Jesús Rodríguez-Camacho Jorge A. Portı́M.C. Carrión Jesús Fornieles

This folder contains subfolders for the year 2015 with time domain raw data from the Sierra Nevada ELF station. Each year contains folders for each month, named with the four digits corresponding to year and month, e.g., 1512 stands for the raw data during December 2015. Within each month folder, the data and information files for each sensor and each hour are available. Data are stored in files containing measurements corresponding to a time period of approximately one hour. The filenames begin with a common part, “smplGRTU1_sensor_”, followed by a specific part to denote the sensor used (0 for the NS orientation and 1 for the EW orientation), the date and the initial time of the measurement recorded. For example, smplGRTU1_sensor_0_1412010430, stands for data measured by the NS-oriented magnetometer, in the year 2014, month 12, day 01, hour 04, and starting minute, 30. The information file has the same name but ends with _info.txt. Since the initial time is not fixed, the filenames in each folder are not completely determined. For this reason, each month folder includes two files, 'ficheros0' and 'ficheros1', that contain the set of filenames for that month. Therefore, for each normally measured we have 24 data files and also 24 information files for each sensor. Each hour data file occupies 1.8 MB, so each month has roughly a data volume of 2.6 GB.

10.5281/zenodo.6348773

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Cold ions in magnetotail reconnection and waves in the ion diffusion region: Particle-in-Cell simulations

EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (2018)

Ivan Zaytsev Andrey Divin Vladimir Semenov Y. V. Khotyaintsev A. Vaivads

Particle (ecology)

Particle-in-cell

Source

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Currents and associated electron scattering and bouncing near the diffusion region at Earth's magnetopause

Geophysical Research Letters (2016)

B. Lavraud Y. C. Zhang Y. Vernisse D. J. Gershman J. Dorelli

Abstract Based on high‐resolution measurements from NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, we present the dynamics of electrons associated with current systems observed near the diffusion region of magnetic reconnection at Earth's magnetopause. Using pitch angle distributions (PAD) and magnetic curvature analysis, we demonstrate the occurrence of electron scattering in the curved magnetic field of the diffusion region down to energies of 20 eV. We show that scattering occurs closer to the current sheet as the electron energy decreases. The scattering of inflowing electrons, associated with field‐aligned electrostatic potentials and Hall currents, produces a new population of scattered electrons with broader PAD which bounce back and forth in the exhaust. Except at the center of the diffusion region the two populations are collocated and appear to behave adiabatically: the inflowing electron PAD focuses inward (toward lower magnetic field), while the bouncing population PAD gradually peaks at 90° away from the center (where it mirrors owing to higher magnetic field and probable field‐aligned potentials).

Pitch angle

Current sheet

Guiding center

Electron scattering

10.1002/2016gl068359

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Citations (87)

On the Presence and Thermalization of Cold Ions in the Exhaust of Antiparallel Symmetric Reconnection

Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences (2021)

C. Norgren P. Tenfjord M. Hesse Sergio Toledo‐Redondo Wenya Li

Using fully kinetic 2.5 dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of anti-parallel symmetric magnetic reconnection, we investigate how initially cold ions are captured by the reconnection process, and how they evolve and behave in the exhaust. We find that initially cold ions can remain cold deep inside the exhaust. Cold ions that enter the exhaust downstream of active separatrices, closer to the dipolarization front, appear as cold counter-streaming beams behind the front. In the off-equatorial region, these cold ions generate ion-acoustic waves that aid in the thermalization both of the incoming and outgoing populations. Closest to the front, due to the stronger magnetization, the ions can remain relatively cold during the neutral plane crossing. In the intermediate exhaust, the weaker magnetization leads to enhanced pitch angle scattering and reflection. Cold ions that enter the exhaust closer to the X line, at active separatrices, evolve into a thermalized exhaust. Here, the cold populations are heated through a combination of thermalization at the separatrices and pitch angle scattering in the curved magnetic field around the neutral plane. Depending on where the ions enter the exhaust, and how long time they have spent there, they are accelerated to different energies. The superposition of separately thermalized ion populations that have been accelerated to different energies form the hot exhaust population.

Thermalisation

10.3389/fspas.2021.730061

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Citations (11)

The Spacecraft Wake: Interference With Electric Field Observations and a Possibility to Detect Cold Ions

Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics (2021)

M. André A. I. Eriksson Y. V. Khotyaintsev Sergio Toledo‐Redondo

Wakes behind spacecraft caused by supersonic drifting positive ions are common in plasmas and disturb in situ measurements. We review the impact of wakes on observations by the Electric Field and Wave double-probe instruments on the Cluster satellites. In the solar wind, the equivalent spacecraft charging is small compared to the ion drift energy and the wake effects are caused by the spacecraft body and can be compensated for. We present statistics of the direction, width, and electrostatic potential of wakes, and we compare with an analytical model. In the low-density magnetospheric lobes, the equivalent positive spacecraft charging is large compared to the ion drift energy and an enhanced wake forms. In this case observations of the geophysical electric field with the double-probe technique becomes extremely challenging. Rather, the wake can be used to estimate the flux of cold (eV) positive ions. For an intermediate range of parameters, when the equivalent charging of the spacecraft is similar to the drift energy of the ions, also the charged wire booms of a double-probe instrument must be taken into account. We discuss an example of these effects from the MMS spacecraft near the magnetopause. We find that many observed wake characteristics provide information that can be used for scientific studies. An important example is the enhanced wakes used to estimate the outflow of ionospheric origin in the magnetospheric lobes to about ${10}^{26}$ cold (eV) ions/s, constituting a large fraction of the mass outflow from planet Earth.

10.1029/2021ja029493

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Citations (10)