The boundary is one of the most important feature of WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks). In this paper, a scalable distributed algorithm is proposed to recognize the boundary of WSN consists by a lot of sensor nodes with decent average degree. The algorithm is based on "betweenness centrality", which only depends on the connection information within 2-hop neighborhood. Finally, the boundary is refined by the fact that boundary node has much less neighbors than the others. The simulation shows that the results of the algorithm are suitable for node deployment in different shape environments. The critical lower bound of average degree is also found in simulation.
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to elucidate whether the α- and β- null character was result from the absence or variance of α- and β-subunit genes. 【Method】 SDS-PAGE technique, PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing methods were used. 【Result】 With specific primers for α- subunit, the PCR band pattern between (α+β)-null type and normal type was identical, but the PCR band pattern of β-subunit gene was unique. For PCR amplified DNA fragment of the α-subunit gene, a high degree of nucleotide homology (90.9%) exists between the (α+β)-null type and normal type. Sequenced difference mainly exists in 5′-flanking. While, for β-subunit gene, a low degree of nucleotide homology (53.1%) was exists. Furthermore, a short inverted sequence was detected in PCR amplified DNA fragment of the β-subunit gene【.Conclusion】The deficiency character of α- and β-subunit of (α+β)-null type is not related to the deletion of a chromosome segment with the genes encoding α- and β-subunit of soybean 7S globulin. Differences exist in both α- and β-subunit gene sequence between (α+β)-null type and normal type soybean. Further studies to confirm whether the differences in gene sequence are main reason that result in the absence of α- and β-subunit are necessary.
Through its ability to image liquid-phase dynamics at nano/atomic-scale resolution, liquid-cell electron microscopy is essential for a wide range of applications, including wet-chemical synthesis, catalysis, and nanoparticle tracking, for which involved structural features are critical. However, statistical investigations by usual techniques remain challenging because of the difficulty in fabricating substantial liquid cells with appreciable efficiency. Here, we report a general approach for efficiently printing huge numbers of ready-to-use liquid cells (∼9000) within 30 s by electrospinning, with the unique feature of statistical liquid-phase studies requiring only one experimental time slot. Our solution efficiently resolves a complete transition picture of bubble evolution and also the induced nanoparticle motion. We statistically quantify the effect of the electron dose rate on the bubble variation and conclude that the bubble-driven nanoparticle motion is a ballistic-like behavior insignificant to morphological asymmetries. The versatile approach here is critical for statistical research, offering great opportunities in liquid-phase-associated dynamic studies.
Four soybean germplasm with typical variation in soybean 7S,11S globulin subunit composition were used to make tofu by mini-specimen soybean processing method.The tofu yield,dry tofu weight (DTW),protein content (PC),hardness of tofu and ratio of protein amount in soybean milk to total protein amount (RPA) were examined,and the four soybean germplasm's potential usability of tofu quality processing were analyzed.The results indicated the tofu made from riA-5 with α'-subunit null,riB-1 with [(α'+ α)+11S(Ⅱb+Ⅱa)]-subunit null and Yuenanheqi with β-subunit extremely low had significant variation in tofu yield,DTW,PC,hardness of tofu,RPA and other quality traits.The genetics variation coefficient of wet weight and dry weight of tofu among four experiment materials was bigger.The riA-5 with α'-subunit null was suitable for tofu production which takes CaSO4 as the coagulator.The tofu made from riB-1 with low 7S globulin and deficiency of 11S globulin acid subunit had smaller hardness of tofu and bad tofu shaping and appearance quality.The Yuenanheqi with β-subunit extremely low could be used as choosing parents for breeding good quality tofu.
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