To explore the clinical effect of Danzhi Xiaoyao powder (DZXY) in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) according to Liver in TCM.Fifty-one type 2 DM patients were randomly divided into the treated group and the control group, 31 patients of the treated group were treated with conventional and DZXY therapy, while 20 patients in the control were treated with conventional therapy alone. Before and after treatment for 3 months, the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood cholesterol (CH) and triglycerides (TG) were examined in all the patients.By the end of 3 months, the effect in treating type 2 DM in the treated group was better than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with those before treatment in each group and those of the control, the levels of FBG, fasting insulin, HbA1c after DZXY treatment were reduced (P < 0.05), but levels of CH and TG in all groups had no significant difference.DZXY could soothe the Liver to relieve depression, which is effective in treating type 2 DM and could improve the symptoms of DM patients.
Obesity has become a global health problem. In recent years, the influence of dietary microbes in the obese population has attracted the attention of scholars. Our study aimed to investigate the link between live microbe intake and obesity in adults. Participants (aged over 20 years) for this study were from the 1999-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants were categorised into low, medium and high dietary live microbe intake groups. Linear regression was used to analyse the link between live microbe intake and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Logistic regression was used to analyse the link between live microbe intake and obesity and abdominal obesity prevalence. Restricted cubic spline curves (RCS) were used to check whether there was a non-linear relationship between live microbe intake and obesity. A total of 42,749 participants were included in this study and the number of obese reached 15,463. We found that live microbe intake was negatively linked to BMI and WC. In models adjusted for all confounders, the high live microbe intake group had lower obesity (OR = 0.812, 95%CI: 0.754-0.873) and abdominal obesity prevalence (OR = 0.851, 95%CI: 0.785-0.923) than the lowest intake group. Upon further quantification of live microbe intake, we found similar results. RCS analyses showed that live microbe intake was nonlinearly negatively correlated with BMI, WC, obesity, and abdominal obesity prevalence (P for non-linearity < 0.05). This study preliminarily reveals a negative link between live microbe intake and obesity in adults.
Background This meta-analysis was conducted to explore the association between sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) and ocular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, Web of Science and Springer were searched for articles on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving T2DM patients treated with SGLT-2i versus placebo or other hypoglycemic agents published prior to August 2021. The primary outcome of this meta-analysis was incidence of ocular diseases, which was assessed using risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We reviewed 47 papers and compared the effect of SGLT-2i with the effect of the control groups (placebo and other hypoglycemic drugs) on the incidence of ocular diseases. Results Compared with controls, overall SGLT-2i use in T2DM patients was not associated with incidences of cataract, glaucoma, retinal disease and vitreous disease. Ertugliflozin (RR=0.47, P=0.01) reduced the risk for retinal disease, while empagliflozin (RR=0.44, P=0.05) reduced the risk for diabetic retinopathy (DR) compared with controls. SGLT-2i (RR=0.50, P=0.02), perhaps empagliflozin (RR=0.47, P=0.06), reduced the risk of retinal disease compared with active hypoglycemic agents. Canagliflozin (RR=4.50, P=0.03) increased the risk for vitreous disease compared with placebo. Conclusions There was no significant correlation between overall SGLT-2i and ocular diseases (cataract, glaucoma, retinal disease, vitreous disease, corneal disease, conjunctival disease, uveal disease, eye haemorrhage and vision problems) in T2DM patients. Ertugliflozin and empagliflozin may protect against ocular diseases, but canagliflozin may promote ocular diseases.
Methimazole (MMI) is the first-line agent in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. However, rare but severe cholestatic jaundice may occur. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) may provide an alternative treatment for such patients and they received thyroidectomy/radioactive iodine ablation or continued oral anti hyperthyroidism medication immediately after TPE session in the reported literatures. The case reported here is, to our knowledge, the first to describe the long interval between anti hyperthyroidism therapy and TPE in such patients.
Abstract Background The popularity of intermittent fasting (IF) has increased as more and more people are trying to avoid or alleviate obesity and metabolic disease. This study aimed to systematically explore the effects of various IF in humans. Methods The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to IF versus normal diet (non-intervention diet) or caloric restriction (CR) were retrieved in PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library database, and Embase. Extraction outcomes included, but not limited to, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), glucose, and triglyceride (TG). Results Contrasting results showed that, participants had lower weight (WMD = 1.10, 95%CI: 0.09–2.12, p = 0.03) and BMI after IF (WMD = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.08–0.68, p = 0.01). The WC of participants in the IF group decreased significantly compared with the normal diet (WMD = 1.02, 95%CI: 0.06–1.99, p = 0.04). IF regulated fat mass (FM) more effectively than normal diet (WMD = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.17–1.31, p = 0.01). The fat-free mass of people after IF was higher (WMD=-0.73, 95%CI: (-1.45)-(-0.02), p = 0.05). There was no difference in blood glucose fluctuation between participants in the after IF and normal diet groups. The results of insulin and HOMA-IR, though, indicated that IF was significantly more beneficial than normal diet (SMD=-0.21, 95%CI: 0.02–0.40, p = 0.03, and WMD = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.04–0.65, p = 0.03, respectively). Cholesterol and TG levels after IF were also lower than after a normal diet (SMD = 0.22, 95%CI: 0.09–0.35, p = 0.001, and SMD = 0.13, 95%CI: 0.00-0.26, p = 0.05, respectively). Conclusion IF reduced weight, WC, and FM without affecting lean tissue. IF also could improve insulin resistance and blood lipid conditions compared with non-intervention diets.
Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL) is a rare protein-losing enteropathy characterized by abnormally dilated lymphatic structures, resulting in leakage of lymph (rich in protein, lymphocytes, and fat) from the intestinal mucosal and submucosal layers and thus hypoproteinemia, lymphopenia, hypolipidemia, and pleural effusion.A 19-year-old Chinese male patient complained of recurrent limb convulsions for the last 1 year. Laboratory investigations revealed low levels of calcium and magnesium along with hypoproteinemia and high parathyroid hormone levels, whereas gastroscopy exhibited chronic non-atrophic gastritis and duodenal lymphatic dilatation. Subsequent gastric biopsy showed moderate chronic inflammatory cell infiltration distributed around a small mucosal patch in the descending duodenum followed by lymphatic dilatation in the mucosal lamina propria, which was later diagnosed as PIL. The following appropriate medium-chain triglycerides nutritional support significantly improved the patient's symptoms.Since several diseases mimic the clinical symptoms displayed by PIL, like limb convulsions, low calcium and magnesium, and loss of plasma proteins, it is imperative to conduct a detailed analysis to avoid any misdiagnosis while pinpointing the correct clinical diagnosis and simultaneously ruling out other clinical aspects in the reported cases without any past disease history. A careful assessment should always be made to ensure an accurate diagnosis in a timely manner so that the patient can be delivered quality health services for a positive health outcome.
Recent studies suggest that children born via cesarean section (CS) are predisposed to immune-mediated diseases later in life. The association between CS and childhood leukemia was investigated in this meta-analysis of observational studies. Two researchers independently searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library for literature on the association between CS and childhood leukemia before February 2022. And pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to determine the link between CS and childhood leukemia. The preliminary search resulted in 1321 articles and 16 articles were finally included after screening. The primary outcome was the risk of leukemia in children born via CS versus those born vaginally. The results revealed that having a CS was associated with an increased risk of childhood leukemia compared to having vaginal section (VS) (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02-1.13, p = 0.01), especially for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03-1.16, p = 0.004). Children delivered via elective CS had a higher risk of ALL (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.07-1.31, p = 0.001), but emergency CS did not. It is worth noting that neither emergency CS nor elective CS were found to be associated with acute myeloid leukemia. Compared to VS, CS increased the risk of leukemia in children, with elective CS significantly increasing ALL risk.
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