K. Kareemulla

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

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B. Venkateswarlu

Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University

C. A. Rama Rao

Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture

Shalander Kumar

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics

R. H. Rizvi

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

R. P. Dwivedi

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

P.S. Pathak

A. B. Mojumdar

Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute

S. K. Dhyani

Translational Health Science and Technology Institute

P. Krishnan

University of St. Gallen

Ramesh Singh

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics

Cooperative Institutions

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

National Academy of Agricultural Research Management

Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture

Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute

Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation

National Centre for Research

Anna University, Chennai

Government of India

National Research Centre

Banaras Hindu University

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Response of Fodder based Production Systems to Fly Ash Application

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology (2006)

Gayatri Suresh R. B. R. Yadava Sanjoy Das P.S. Pathak Rajan Bhatt

Fodder

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Effect of fly ash application on soil physicochemical properties

Ritika B. Yadav S. Das P.S. Pathak G. Suresh Rajan Bhatt

Research paper presented in “International Congress on Fly Ash India 2005” organized by TIFAC, DST, New Delhi during 4-7 December 2005.

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Effect of fly ash ameliorated red and black soil on physiological functions of sorghum and cowpea

R. K. Bhatt P. S. Pathak Ritika B. Yadav Shubranil Das G. Suresh

Research paper presented in “International Congress on Fly Ash India 2005” organized by TIFAC, Department of Science & Technology, New Delhi during 4-7 December 2005.

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IMPACTS OF UPSURGE PULSE PRODUCTION IN INDIA (2016-17): ECONOMIC SCRUTINY AND POLICY ADVOCACY

Journal of Global Agriculture and Ecology (2018)

M.B. Dastagiri K. Kareemulla Ch. Srinivasa Rao Anjani Sneha Vajrala Sweety Sharma

The United Nations, declared 2016 as “International Year of Pulses” (IYP). Pulses are an integral part of many diets across the globe and they have great potential to improve human health, conserve our soils, protect the environment and contribute to global food security. India is the largest producer (25% of global production), consumer (27% of world consumption) and importer (14%) of pulses in the world. The study analyzed the production trends, growth rates, and instability its effect on food security, self-sufficiency, economic, trade, environmental and nutritional impact and the impact of government programs. Demand and supply, CAGR, Instability Index, Export import price elasticities of commodities & countries were estimated. India, the second most populous country in the world, leads all nations in terms of area and production of pulses and straggle in productivity, globally. The results show that during 2000-01 to 2021-22, India demands more than supply indicating food insecurity in pulses. The per capita availability of pulses has decreased considerably. The area under pulses is stagnant except for few years and the production and productivity has been increasing. The steep rise in production could be due to the technological and government schemes and programs contribution. Gram contributes the single largest share of 43% in India’s total pulses production and in export basket of pulses registering 84.87% in 2015-16. Tur is procured in the maximum quantity at 590 MT by NAFED and the least procured is Urad at 11 MT by SFAC. The impact of increase in the production of pulses in 2016 -17 resulted in the decrease in the growth rate of imports. USA, Canada, UK and some of the Asian countries were major importers from India. It was observed that, India has comparative advantage in pulses with export prices being high over the import prices. Among the pulses, more export elasticity was noticed in peas (2.36%) followed by gram, lentil and pigeon pea. The terms of trade of India with other countries found to be improved for all pulses crops. Pulses improve the sustainability of cropping systems and are environmental friendly. Pulses in the diet are a healthy inclusion to meet dietary recommendations and is associated with reduced risk of several chronic diseases. The government programs, schemes impacted on increase in area and productivity of pulses. The study suggests that targeted research to be in pulses through “sustainable intensification” and focus on beans, chickpeas, and lentils which contributes to trade in future to meet the demand of pulses nationally and globally. Government procurement must be on war footing to tackle the rising gap between the demand and supply of pulses along with the promotion of trade through SEZ’s.

Consumption

Self-sufficiency

Scrutiny

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Spatiotemporal Analysis of Size and Equity in Ownership Dynamics of Agricultural Landholdings in India Vis-à-Vis the World

Sustainability (2021)

K. Kareemulla P. Krishnan S. Ravichandran B. Ganesh Kumar Sweety Sharma

The increasing threat to sustainable agriculture is a major concern of planners worldwide. Human population growth together with increasing food requirements and competition for land use is leading to land scarcity for agricultural purposes. Farm size influences the extent of the adoption of mechanization and modern methods of farm management practices, which in turn results in increased productivity, production efficiency and agricultural income. We studied changes in macroeconomic factors such as dependency on agriculture, growth of the sector, the pattern of landholdings and tenure rights across major agriculturally important countries, as well as the priority of agriculture for the national economy (i.e., the share of agriculture in the national income) and its relationship to changes in farm size. The data on the percentage of area under farming, population growth, size of the agricultural workforce and other social dimensions from 24 countries of different geographical sizes were analysed. We used parameters such as the extent of changes in cropland, family-owned land, the agricultural workforce and their productivity, number of holdings and their distribution, women-headed holdings and finally total and per capita agricultural income, and measured the changes over time and space. The published data from national and international sources were used to establish the relationship between farm size and farm efficiency measured through the selected parameters. The results clearly establish that the size of farm holdings had an inverse relationship with the population dependent on agriculture, share of agriculture in national income and tenure rights. Australia had the largest average agricultural landholding (3243 ha), while India and Bangladesh had the lowest (1.3 and 0.3 ha, respectively). The inequality in the distribution of farmland ownership was greater in developed countries than in developing countries. Female farmland ownership was less than 20% in most developing countries and the relationship between the number of farm households and farm outcomes was found to have weakened over time. India, a developing as well as an agriculturally important country, was subjected to detailed analysis to understand the spatiotemporal dynamics of the size, distribution and ownership patterns of agricultural landholding.

Per capita income

Equity

10.3390/su131810225

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Land use diversification as an index of watershed evaluation - a case study Andhra Pradesh.

Agricultural Situation in India (2009)

M. Osman Shaik Haffis K. Kareemulla

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Wastelands Afforestation in Northern India by Cooperatives: A Socio-Economic Evaluation

2006 Annual Meeting, August 12-18, 2006, Queensland, Australia (2006)

K. Kareemulla J. S. Samra R. H. Rizvi Munnaram

India has an estimated area of 129 million ha of wasteland, which can be used for providing sustainable livelihood for millions of rural unemployed. An evaluation of enhancing income and employment generation and environmental externalities due to plantations on wastelands through cooperatives and self-help groups was done. The development process was set up in leased degraded lands in three north Indian states of Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan. The capacity building processes like savings and micro-enterprise skills empowered resource-poor farmers. An internal rate of return of 11.5 to 17.0 % in the phase I of the project imply tangible economic benefits at the end of 17 years, which improved to 13.9 to 20.4 % by including environmental benefits like carbon sequestration, soil conservation, soil salinity reclamation, etc. By extrapolating the trend till the end of 30 years, the estimated IRR increased further. The incremental net return due to afforestation of wastelands ranged between Rs. 2283 and 9514 (US $51 -211) ha-1 yr -1 over the pre-developed status. The organization of stakeholders through cooperative societies for developing plantations on degraded lands and managing them for deriving benefits has demonstrated the viability of these models. The model can be replicated by dovetailing the same with the government schemes like food-for work programme and the recently enacted national rural employment guarantee programme.

Afforestation

Uttar pradesh

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POPLAR AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS OF WESTERN UTTAR PRADESH IN NORTHERN INDIA: A SOCIOECONOMIC ANALYSIS

Forests Trees and Livelihoods (2005)

K. Kareemulla R. H. Rizvi Kuldeep Kumar R. P. Dwivedi Ramesh Singh

ABSTRACT Poplar based agroforestry is one of the major commercial agroforestry systems practised by the farmers in Western Uttar Pradesh of India. In Saharanpur district which is near the markets for poplar wood, about 78 per cent of the sample farmers practise poplar-based bund/boundary systems while the rest use agrisilviculture. The tree density in poplar-based (Populus deltoides) bund/boundary system was 146 trees ha−1, as against 481 trees ha−1 in agrisilviculture. Additional incomc (<70%) and an emergency source of cash (nearly 20%) were the farmers' major reasons for adopting agroforestry. The financial and economic analyses indicated that net present value (NPV) in case of bund system with an eight years rotation were Rs.137,000/-, Rs.127,000/- and Rs.l18,000/- at discount factors of 8, 10 and 12 percent, respectively, with a Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) of 2.8 for all the three discount factors. In the case of agrisilviculture with a rotation of seven years, the NPV at the respective discount factors were Rs. 123,000/-, Rs.111,000/- and Rs. 101,000/-, respectively, while the BCRs were 2.18, 2.15 and 2.12—compared to the conventional crop rotations with a BCR of 1.34 to 1.42 Both poplar-based agroforestry systems were more profitable than pure agricultural crop systems. Additional employment generation due to agrisilviculture was just under 11 mandays ha−1 yr−1.

Uttar pradesh

Benefit–cost ratio

10.1080/14728028.2005.9752537

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Agroforestry potential and scope for development across agro-climatic zones in India

Indian Journal of Forestry (2009)

S. K. Dhyani K. Kareemulla Ajit A. K. Handa

Agroforestry has high potential for simultaneously satisfying three important objectives viz., protecting and stabilizing the ecosystems; producing a high level of output of economic goods; and improving income and basic materials to rural population. Besides, Agroforestry is capable to conserve natural resources through various systems under different Agroclimatic regions. The livelihood security through Agroforestry and its potential in meeting basic needs viz., food, fuel, fodder, and employment generation are highlighted in this article. From the perspective of different Agroclimatic zone, suitable Agroforestry systems have been compiled along with estimated investment needs for extension/development support and net returns for the same. Among the agroclimatic zones, the highest estimated investment needs are in case of Western plateau and hills (Rs. 2320 crores) followed by Western dry region (Rs. 2072 crores). A breakup of Agroforestry practices has been outlined to increase the area under Agroforestry from its current level of 7.45 million ha to 25.36 million ha by next two decades. The potential of Agroforestry in meeting the deficit of demand and supply in timber, fodder supply, bioenergy sector through tree biomass and meeting the food/fruit security has been enumerated. The direct benefits like employment generation and indirect ones like carbon sequestration and environment restoration have been emphasized in respect of various Agroforestry systems.

Fodder

10.54207/bsmps1000-2009-rv2oe8

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Economic analysis of agroforestry systems in western Uttar Pradesh.

Journal of Tropical Forestry (2008)

K. Kareemulla Ramesh Singh R. H. Rizvi R. P. Dwivedi Kuldeep Kumar

The present study is the outcome of socio-economic diagnosis of traditional as well as commercial agroforestry practices followed by farmers in western Uttar Pradesh. Tree species like Azadirachta indica, Acacia nilotica, Dalbergia sissoo and Eucalyptus spp. were dominant species in traditional system whereas, Populus deltoides and Eucalyptus spp. were the main species of commercial agroforestry. Fuel wood (50.6 %) was major driving force for agroforestry adoption followed by additional income (24.4 %) and shade (17.5 %) in traditional agroforestry region while, additional income (71.3 %) was the major factor in commercial agroforestry region. The net return from tree produce ha-1 per annum in traditional system was Rs. 989, 541 and 440 for marginal, small and medium farmers, respectively. In commercial region, B:C ratio has been found higher (3.00) for poplar based agrisilviculture than poplar (2.84) and eucalyptus (2.68) based bund system. Although traditional agroforestry seems less promising as compared to commercial agroforestry, but it is also relevant to the farmers’ livelihood.

Dalbergia sissoo

Azadirachta

Multipurpose tree

Tectona

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