Context: The effects of climate change make it difficult to achieve food security in Burkina Faso, despite its many resilience efforts. This is how this article aims to identify and understand the impacts of the country's main climate risks on food security and the causes of the non-resilience of the proposed solutions, in order to better help develop resilience strategies.Materials and methods: Surveys were carried out among fifteen (15) main institutions in charge of the governance of food and nutrition security in Burkina Faso using a questionnaire focused on (i) the exposure units of food security in the face of climatic hazards in Burkina Faso, (ii) the impact index of these climatic risks on food security and (iii) their exposure index. The criterion for choosing the structures surveyed was their level of involvement in food security management, or their membership in the national food crisis management committee. All fifteen (15) institutions were national.Results: the results of the work reveal that whatever the climate risk, the availability of food, its financial accessibility and the governance of food security management institutions, are the main components of food security affected between 62.5% and 92.5%, against 62% to 70% of the impacts felt by the « price stability of agricultural products » and « nutritional use of food » components. The proposed solutions come down to the control of agricultural water, the development of irrigated agriculture, as well as the strengthening of the State's skills to implement emergency measures.Conclusion: The results corroborate the work of several authors, who have analyzed the food security situation in countries experiencing the same realities as Burkina Faso. However, their analysis does not include a fifth component, namely the governance of institutions. Based on these shortcomings, the recommendations could not be robust enough to bend the food insecurity curve in Burkina Faso.
The Sudan-Sahel region has long been vulnerable to environmental change. However, the intensification of global warming has led to unprecedented challenges that require a detailed understanding of climate change for this region. This study analyzes the impacts of climate change for Burkina Faso using eleven climate indices that are highly relevant to Sudan-Sahelian societies. The full ensemble of statistically downscaled NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 models (25 km) is used to determine the projected changes for the near (2031-2060) and far future (2071-2100) compared to the reference period (1985-2014) for different SSPs. Validation of the climate models against state-of-the-art reference data (CHIRPS and ERA5) shows reasonable performance for the main climate variables with some biases. Under the SSP5-8.5, Burkina Faso is projected to experience a substantial temperature increase of more than 4.3°C by the end of the century. Rainfall amount is projected to increase by 30% under the SSP5-8.5, with the rainy season starting earlier and lasting longer. This could increase water availability for rainfed agriculture but is offset by a 20% increase in evapotranspiration. The country could be at increased risk of flooding and heavy rainfall in all SSPs and future periods. Due to the pronounced temperature increase, heat stress, discomfort, and cooling degree days are expected to strongly increase under the SSP8.5 scenarios, especially in the western and northern parts. Under the SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5, the projected changes are much lower for the country. Thus, timely implementation of climate change mitigation measures can significantly reduce climate change impacts for this vulnerable region.
Climate change impact increasingly led to humanitarian assistance increase and needed. To better address climate change impacts mitigation, a suitable financing instrument is essential to facilitate government, humanitarian, and other stakeholders' finance mobilization. However, few studies have been done on disaster risk profiling to guide decision-makers in their choices. Disaster risk profile analysis has been conducted in Mali to facilitate financial resources mobilization and climate finance instrument choice by identifying Historical drought and flood events. To do so, published papers; and some international institution websites dealing with climate hazard events such as Reliefweb, Hazard/risk, climate information services, Relief Web; CRED- EM-DAT; World Bank Climate Knowledge Portal, World Bank- UNDRR -ThinkHazard, WFP ARC/GeoNode/VAM/DataViz addressing Mali country have been assimilated for evidence accumulation and synthesis and presented in a database. Furthermore, national statistics and national reports on hazards have been also reviewed. Before starting the reading exercise, a reading/analytical framework has been elaborated. In Mali the year 1984 to 2019, 21 flood events occurred in Mali and the most exposed regions to floods are Koulikoro, Bamako and Gao. From 1969 to 2020, 21 drought events were registered in in Mali and the most affected regions are Koulikoro, Mopti, Gao, Kayes. The time return period of drought has been estimated to 3 years while the time return of flood has been estimated to be about 2 years. Drought events are less frequent than flood events, however, drought events affect more population than floods. Also, Also, the yearly response cost for drought events is USD million 277.46 with an average US USD 204.37 cost per affected population. For the flood, even the yearly response cost is USD 11.107 million With USD 261.82 per affected population. Macro-insurance and CAT bonds are more suitable disaster risk financing instruments and are recommended to better address drought events while Anticipatory action and government contingency funds are more suitable climate disaster risk financing instruments to better address flood events in Mali.
Sahel zone has been reported as one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change, so serious attention must be paid to this zone by researchers and development actors who are interested in environmental-human dynamics and interactions. The aim of this study was to bring more insight into the impact of actions aiming at reducing land degradation, regreening the Sahel, stopping population migration and reducing the pressure on land in the Sahelian zone. The study focused on farmland dynamic in Ouahigouya municipality based on remote sensing data from 1986 to 2016 using intensity analysis. The annual time interval change was 0.77% and 2.46% for 1986-2001 and 2001-2016, respectively. Farmlands gained from mixt vegetation, water bodies and from bar lands. Mixed vegetation and water bodies were both active during both intervals while the other land use such as woodland and bar land were dormant. Combining land use land cover analysis and intensity analysis was found to be effective for assessing the differentiated impact of the various land restoration actions.
Despite the existence of a National Adaptation Plan to climate change (NAP) in Burkina Faso, operationalizing adaptation still face a number of challenges. The current study focused on identifying institutional barriers to the strategic objectives of climate change adaptation (CCA) using a literature review and semi-structured interviews conducted with key stakeholders / resource persons involved in the implementation of the NAP. The results revealed a weak collaboration between the NAP steering institution and the ministerial departments covered by the NAP. This situation, first, hampers the implementation of adaptation actions and secondly, the monitoring reporting and verification of adaptation initiatives. Further, the analysis revealed that lack of financial resources poses constraints to many actions that were to be taken by the steering institution and therefore creates poor ownership of the NAP by the main stakeholders that should be actively involved in the NAP process. To cope with the various constraints, it is necessary to have strong political support in many aspects. For instance, it was judged that institutionalizing the role of climate change (CC) focal point within the ministries and embedding NAP monitoring and evaluation (M&E) objectives and indicators with existing functional M&E systems in the sectorial ministries will ease CCA actions integration in operational plans, their implementation and documentation. Moreover, it is relevant to have a continuous capacity building plan to keep stakeholders updated on climate change issues as this will support them in their mandate of mainstreaming CC into ministerial operational plans and lead to optimal CCA implementation and monitoring.
Abstract By 2022, 42.39% of the sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) population was living in urban areas. This urbanization correlates with increasing poverty, unemployment, food insecurity, environmental pollution, and the prevalence of informal settlements. These challenges worsened urban food insecurity during the COVID‐19 pandemic in SSA cities. This review analyzed the role of urban farming system as a pivotal means to enhance urban food security, incorporating socioeconomic integration and environmental sustainability. The analysis is grounded in a systematic review using specific keywords, evaluating 46 articles and institutional reports related to the subject. The results revealed that 3.62% of SSA countries have implemented national urban governance and policies with minimal focus on urban farming. Rapid urbanization, urban population growth, and climate change are key factors contributing to cities' vulnerabilities to food insecurity in SSA. Predominantly characterized by horticultural practice, urban farming enhances the food supply system, nutritious security, jobs and income generation, reduces transportation costs, promotes the consumption of fresh food, and mitigates food loss in cities. Despite its importance, urban farming in SSA encounters several challenges: (i) urbanization governance and policy, (ii) knowledge and technology in urban farming, (iii) access to land and water, (iv) financing and capacity building for urban farming, and (v) environmental pollution. SSA countries need a coordinated mix of urbanization policies and technological advancements to integrate innovative urban farming methods, bolstering cities’ resilience to food insecurity. Implementing these measures could advance the achievement of sustainable development goals 2 and 11 in SSA cities. Core Ideas Only 3.62% of sub‐Saharan African countries implemented national urban policies, with little focus on urban farming integration. Limited technology and innovation, including land and water access, hinder urban farming productivity in SSA cities. Urban farming system is a nature‐based solution that promotes food security, jobs, and climate resilience in SSA cities. To fully harness the benefits of urban farming, urban governance in SSA must incorporate it into cities' land‐use planning.
Germination characteristics studies of seeds of three local species in Burkina Faso namely Parinari curatellifolia, Vitex doniana and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides have been carried out.The aim of this study was to carry out the appropriate pre-treatment and temperature which give the best percentage of seed germination for these three locales species.For that the seed were placed in different temperature 15°C; 20°C; 25°C; 30°C; 35°C and 19 pre-treatment from Soaking in water x hours; Scalding, Cooking x minute, Soaking of sulfuric acid x minute, scarification and decorticating were applied for all seeds used for this study's.For temperature test, only Parinaria curatelifolia seeds are germinated at 35°C with 13%.Sulphuric acid pre-treatments during 60 mn for Vitex
ABSTRACT
Land cover improvement constitutes an essential element for greenhouse gas removal in the atmosphere and constitute at the same time the most challenges for worldwide. This study aim to synthetize the national initiatives or actions developed and implemented to improve land cover from 1985 to 2015 through national implemented policies analysis. Results shown that during 30 last pass years’ three key policies such as Policy Speech of 02 October 1983, Strategy for Poverty Alleviation and Accelerated Increasing Strategy and Sustainable Development with at least 10 important actions have been developed and implemented. Thereby, in term of protected area, 4.2 million hectare were created and conserved. For reforestation promotion, more than 63954.304 Kg of trees seeds was harvested and more than 128 116 182 trees plants were planted from 2002 to 2015 on 150 316.54 hectares. Butane consumption promotion through household reduced considerably firewood and butane consumption ratio from 451 times in 2000 to 88 time in 2015. Implementations of those policies were contributed to reduce pressure on the forests and improve land cover and improved significantly Burkina Faso CO2 sequestration potential.
RESUMEN
La mejora de la cubierta terrestre constituye un elemento esencial para la eliminación de los gases de efecto invernadero en la atmósfera y constituye al mismo tiempo el mayor desafío para el mundo. Este estudio pretende sintetizar las iniciativas o acciones nacionales desarrolladas e implementadas para mejorar la cubierta terrestre desde 1985 hasta 2015 a través del análisis de las políticas nacionales implementadas. Los resultados muestran que durante los últimos 30 años se han desarrollado e implementado tres políticas clave, como el Discurso Político del 2 de octubre de 1983, la Estrategia de Alivio de la Pobreza y la Estrategia de Aumento Acelerado y Desarrollo Sostenible, con al menos 10 acciones importantes. De este modo, se han creado y conservado 4,2 millones de hectáreas de zonas protegidas. Para la promoción de la reforestación, se cosecharon más de 6.954,304 kg de semillas de árboles y se plantaron más de 128.116.182 plantas de árboles entre 2002 y 2015 en 150.316,54 hectáreas. La promoción del consumo de butano a través de los hogares redujo considerablemente la proporción de consumo de leña y butano de 451 veces en 2000 a 88 veces en 2015. La aplicación de estas políticas ha contribuido a reducir la presión sobre los bosques y a mejorar la cobertura del suelo y a mejorar significativamente el potencial de secuestro de CO2 de Burkina Faso.
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