Samuel D. Bredeson

Illinois Institute of Technology

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Philip R. Troyk

Illinois Institute of Technology

Aswini Kanneganti

The University of Texas at Dallas

Mario Romero‐Ortega

University of Houston

Stuart F. Cogan

The University of Texas at Dallas

Sungjae Suh

Illinois Institute of Technology

Jennifer L. Seifert

The Ohio State University

Felix Deku

University of Oregon

Martin Bak

Hospital South West Jutland

Rafael Granja-Vazquez

The University of Texas at Dallas

Omar Tawakol

Illinois Institute of Technology

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The University of Texas at Dallas

The University of Texas at Arlington

Illinois Institute of Technology

The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

University of Chicago

Southwestern Medical Center

MacroGenics (United States)

Virginia Commonwealth University

University of Houston

Bioengineering Center

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Chronic in-vivo testing of a 16-channel implantable wireless neural stimulator

Samuel D. Bredeson Aswini Kanneganti Felix Deku Stuart F. Cogan Mario Romero‐Ortega

Here, we report on chronic in-vivo testing of a 16-channel wireless floating microelectrode array (WFMA) in a rat sciatic nerve model. Muscle threshold currents, charge injection levels, and charge density were monitored for electrodes of two WFMA devices implanted into animal subjects over a five month period. This type of wireless stimulation device could eliminate problems associated with percutaneous connectors for a variety of neural prostheses and other medical devices.

Multielectrode array

Neurophysiology

Neural Prosthesis

Brain implant

10.1109/embc.2015.7318537

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Citations (27)

Identification and quantification of electrical leakage pathways in floating microelectrode arrays

Samuel D. Bredeson Philip R. Troyk Sungjae Suh M. Bak

The long-term reliability of neural recording and stimulation electrode arrays is becoming the limiting factor for neural interfaces. For effective electrode design, electrical connection to the surrounding neural tissue and fluid should be limited to the electrode tips, with all other leakage currents minimized. It is the goal of this study to identify and quantify electrical leakage within commercially available floating microelectrode arrays (FMAs). Both short term and accelerated stress tests were performed on entire FMAs, as well as on individual electrodes typical of such arrays. Preliminary results of these tests indicate that leakage currents are present due to water penetration of their insulation layer initially, but that prolonged water exposure at high temperature may seal the defects that cause these currents. SEM photos taken of the electrode shafts show extensive defect regions that may correlate with the test data.

Leakage (economics)

Limiting

Penetration (warfare)

10.1109/embc.2013.6609807

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Citations (1)

Device for the implantation of neural electrode arrays

Samuel D. Bredeson Philip R. Troyk

Electrode arrays used in neural recording and stimulation applications must be implanted carefully to minimize damage to the underlying tissue. A device has been designed to improve a surgeon's control over implantation parameters including depth, insertion velocity, and insertion force. The device has been designed to operate without contacting tissue and to respond to tissue movements in real time during insertion. This device uses an electrical motor to drive electrode arrays into tissue and allows for the monitoring of and response to electrode depth during insertion. A prototype device has been constructed and tests have been performed to determine the velocity and force characteristics of the motor when inside the device housing. Future versions of the device will use a custom-designed motor with longer linear travel, which will allow the insertion device to be held farther from tissue while still ensuring proper array insertion.

Electrode array

10.1109/embc.2014.6943621

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Citations (2)

In-vivo tests of a 16-channel implantable wireless neural stimulator

Philip R. Troyk Samuel D. Bredeson Stuart F. Cogan Mario Romero‐Ortega Sungjae Suh

Wireless stimulation of neural tissue could enable many emerging neural prosthesis designs, and eliminate problems associated with percutaneous wires and connectors. Our laboratory has developed a 16-channel wireless floating microelectrode array (WFMA) for chronic implantation. Here, we report on its first use within in-vivo experiments, using a rat sciatic nerve model. Stimulus currents and associated muscular movements were determined for electrodes of two WFMA devices implanted into four animal subjects.

Neural Prosthesis

Neurophysiology

Multielectrode array

Stimulus (psychology)

Brain implant

10.1109/ner.2015.7146662

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Citations (25)

Investigation of long-term electrical degradation in neural recording and stimulation microelectrode arrays

Samuel D. Bredeson Philip R. Troyk Sungjae Suh Martin Bak

As neural interfaces become more commonplace, understanding the long-term reliability of implantable neural recording and stimulation electrode arrays is becoming of great importance. The electrical connection of array electrodes to the surrounding neural tissue and fluid should be limited to the exposed electrode tips, with all other leakage currents minimized. It is the goal of this study to identify and quantify electrical leakage within commercially available implantable microelectrode arrays. Both short term and accelerated stress tests were performed on entire arrays and on individual electrode pins. Test results indicate that leakage current pathways develop upon submersion of the electrodes in biological fluid and micrograph photos taken of the electrode shafts show extensive defect regions that may indicate the locations of such pathways.

Leakage (economics)

Multielectrode array

Electrical current

Degradation

10.1109/ner.2013.6696011

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Citations (0)

Preparation of a neural electrode implantation device for in-vivo surgical use

Omar Tawakol Samuel D. Bredeson Philip R. Troyk

An instrument designed for the implantation of neural electrode array devices has been refined in preparation for use in cortical implantation procedures in non-human primates. This instrument has undergone extensive testing to ensure its successful first use in a live surgical setting. This work describes the modifications made to the instrument and the testing performed on it during that preparatory period as well as planned future modifications and augmentations.

Electrode array

Surgical procedures

Neural Prosthesis

10.1109/embc.2016.7591729

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Citations (7)

Chronic and low charge injection wireless intraneural stimulation in vivo

Mario Romero‐Ortega Aswini Kanneganti Geetanjali Bendale Jennifer L. Seifert Samuel D. Bredeson

Functional stability and in-vivo reliability are significant factors determining the longevity of a neural interface. In this ongoing study, we test the performance of a wireless floating microelectrode array (WFMA) over a period of 143 days. The topography of the microelectrodes has allowed for selective stimulation of different fascicles of the rat sciatic nerve. We confirmed that motor evoked thresholds remain stable over time and that the nerve stimulation charges were within tissue safety limits. Importantly, motor evoked responses were elicited at threshold currents in fully awake animals without causing pain or discomfort. These data validate the use of the WFMA system for intraneural interfacing of peripheral nerves for neuroprosthetic and bioelectronics medical applications.

Interfacing

Neuroprosthetics

Bioelectronics

Neurophysiology

Multielectrode array

10.1109/embc.2015.7318536

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Citations (8)