Anil Kumar Chhillar

Maharshi Dayanand University

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Mehak Dangi

Maharshi Dayanand University

Meenakshi Balhara

Maharshi Dayanand University

Rajesh Dabur

Maharshi Dayanand University

Virinder S. Parmar

University of Delhi

Sandeep Singh Dhankhar

Maharshi Dayanand University

Sweety Dahiya

Maharshi Dayanand University

Sonam Ruhil

Maharshi Dayanand University

Renu Chaudhary

Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology

Vibha Yadav

Narendra Dev University of Agriculture and Technology

G. L. Sharma

Government Medical College, Amritsar

Cooperative Institutions

Maharshi Dayanand University

University of Delhi

Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology

Banaras Hindu University

Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana

Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research

Kurukshetra University

Amity University

Regional Centre for Biotechnology

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Reverse Vaccinology: An Epitope Based Approach to Design Vaccines

Current Bioinformatics (2015)

Mehak Dangi Bharat Singh Anil Kumar Chhillar

Background: It has been noticed that the conventional approaches of vaccinology are highly successful to bring down the rate of disease incidences of life threatening infections in 20th century. But these approaches certainly suffer with some delimitation. Such as they take decades to unravel pathogens and antigens related to a disease and even then only few but not all of the antigens are disclosed. Therefore, persistent need of a revolution in this field was required which certainly appeared a decade before and known as “Reverse vaccinology”. Objective: The objective of the present review is to unfold the various facts and figures of the highly valuable approach of Reverse vaccinology by emphasizing its advancements over the period of time. Conclusion: The methodology of Reverse vaccinology is elucidated in an easy and straightforward fashion. Also various available tools for T-cell and B-cell epitope prediction are discussed thoroughly for better understanding of the Reverse vaccinology. Keywords: Bioinformatics, B-cell and T-cell epitope, pan-genome, reverse vaccinology.Bioinformatics, B-cell and T-cell epitope, pan-genome, reverse vaccinology.

Reverse vaccinology

10.2174/1574893610666150828193015

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Citations (1)

NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS AS DEFENSE SYSTEM AGAINST CANCER

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research (2018)

Anterpreet Chahal Adesh K. Saini Anil Kumar Chhillar Reena V. Saini

In living cells, the production of free radicals that comprise both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species is highly regulated that help the cells to sustain redox homeostasis. Overproduction of ROS from mitochondrial electron transport chain leakage or excessive stimulation of xanthine oxidase and other oxidative enzymes leads to the uncontrolled production of free radicals leading to oxidative stress that can mediate damage to cell structures. This damage can be repaired by the antioxidant defense system. Antioxidants are capable of stabilizing, or deactivating, free radicals before they attack cellular components such as DNA, proteins, and lipids. The use of antioxidants in cancer prevention is a rapidly evolving research area where antioxidants scavenge free radicals and thus, indirectly help in the prevention of cancer. A wide range of antioxidants such as glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, coenzyme Q10, lycopene, flavonoids, and isoflavones when used in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, result in the reduction of drug toxicity and enhanced efficacy of anticancer agents. This review aims at the use of these exogenous antioxidants as disease-oriented therapy and elucidating the relation of antioxidant enzymes with different types of cancers to overcome the harmful effects of cancer treatment.

Coenzyme Q10

Reactive nitrogen species

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i5.24119

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Citations (31)

Solution structure of the antifungal protein PAF from Penicillium chrysogenum

Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation (2009)

Gyula Batta T. Barna Zoltán Gáspári Szabolcs Sándor Katalin E. Kövér

Penicillium chrysogenum

10.13018/bmr16087

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In vitro evaluation of combination of polyenes with EDTA against Aspergillus spp. by different methods (FICI and CI Model)

Journal of Applied Microbiology (2014)

Sonam Ruhil Veena Kumar Meenakshi Balhara Monika Malik Sandeep Singh Dhankhar

We investigated in vitro activity of polyene drugs (amphotericin B, Amp B; and nystatin, NYS;) in combination with ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) against 8 pathogenic isolates of Aspergillus spp.The intensity of the drug interactions was assessed using Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) model and Combination Index (CI) model. The interactions were further confirmed by time-kill curve study. The best combination ratio was subjected for toxicity analysis by MTT and haemolytic assay. A significant synergy was found between each of two polyenes with EDTA against Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus at one ratio four. The FICI ranged from 0·29 to 0·38 against A. fumigatus and A. flavus. The FICI value ranged from 0·78 to 1·26 showed no interaction against Aspergillus niger. The CI value (0·21-0·30) and time-kill curve analysis also confirmed synergistic interaction. Antagonism was not detected. There was reduction in toxicity of Amp B and NYS when used with EDTA.Subsequently, the chelating agent (EDTA) can be used in combination with Amp B and NYS with increased antifungal potential and reduced toxicity.To emphasize new development in antifungal drug discovery, combination therapy can be used as a tool box to expand drug development.

Nystatin

Aspergillus niger

10.1111/jam.12576

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A fraction from Escherichia coli with anti-Aspergillus properties

Journal of Medical Microbiology (2005)

Vibha Yadav Rishi Pal Mandhan Rajesh Dabur Anil Kumar Chhillar J. R. P. Gupta

The products of various strains of Escherichia coli (BL21, DH5α, HB101 and XL Blue) were investigated for antimycotic properties using pathogenic isolates of Aspergillus . Co-culture experiments revealed that E. coli strains exhibited variable activity against Aspergillus fumigatus . The lysates prepared from DH5α, HB101 and XL Blue strains of E. coli showed inhibitory activity against A. fumigatus in the protein concentration range of 62.50 to 250.00 μg ml −1 . The highest activity was seen in the lysate of BL21, which inhibited the growth of A. fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus completely at a concentration of 31.25 μg protein ml −1 . The MIC of BL21 lysate against Aspergillus niger was found to be 62.50 μg ml −1 . The in vitro toxicity of BL21 lysate was evaluated using a haemolytic assay. A BL21 lysate protein concentration of 1250.00 μg ml −1 was found to be nontoxic to human erythrocytes. The standard drug amphotericin B lysed 100 % of erythrocytes at a concentration of 37.50 μg ml −1 . SDS-PAGE showed the presence of at least 15 major proteins in the lysate of BL21. Ion-exchange chromatography resolved the BL21 lysate into five fractions and fraction III was found to be endowed with anti- Aspergillus properties. The MIC of this fraction was found to be 3.90 μg ml −1 . Further work on the purification of the active molecule and its characterization is in progress.

Aspergillus niger

10.1099/jmm.0.45748-0

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Citations (22)

Biodegradable diblock copolymeric PEG-PCL nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and applications as anticancer drug delivery agents

Polymer (2020)

Akanksha Behl Virinder S. Parmar Shashwat Malhotra Anil Kumar Chhillar

Polymersome

Biocompatibility

Targeted drug delivery

10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122901

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Citations (68)

Cytogenetic Damage in Offset Printing Press Workers Occasionally Exposed to Benzene

Journal of Human Ecology (2002)

J.S. Yadav Anil Kumar Chhillar

Cytogenetic investigations on peripheral blood lymphocytes of 65 workers exposed to Benzene in offset printing press were undertaken. These were compared with an equal number of occupationally unexposed and matched controls in relation to age, sex, smoking and drinking habits. The chromosomal aberrations (CA), sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), satellite associations and micronuclei (MN), were analysed. All the parameters showed a significant increase (P<0.01) in the exposed sample compared with the controls viz CA, 0.88-2.78, SCE, 3.72-9.08, SA, 4.53- 11.75 and MN, 0.45-0.57. The occurence of DG type satellite association was highest and that of 3 D type lowest

Sister chromatid exchange

10.1080/09709274.2002.11905536

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Phytochemical constituents and ethnopharmacological properties of Ageratum conyzoides L.

Phytotherapy Research (2019)

Neelam Yadav Showkat Ahmad Ganie Bijender Singh Anil Kumar Chhillar Surender Singh Yadav

Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae) is an invasive aromatic herb with immense therapeutic importance. The herb is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. A. conyzoides has imparted numerous ethnomedicinal uses because it has been used to cure various ailments that include leprosy, skin disorders, sleeping sickness, rheumatism, headaches, dyspnea, toothache, pneumonia and many more. A number of phytoconstituents have been scrutinized such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, chromenes, and sterols from almost every part of this plant. These phytoconstituents have shown diverse pharmacological properties including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer, antiprotozoal, antidiabetic, spasmolytic, allelopathy, and many more. The plant A. conyzoides has provided a platform for doing pharmaceutical and toxicological research in order to isolate some promising active compounds and authenticate their safety in clinical uses. A. conyzoides provides principal information for advanced studies in the field of pharmaceutical industries and agriculture. Present review article describes the cytogenetics, ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicological aspects of A. conyzoides.

Ageratum conyzoides

Phytochemistry

Phytochemical

10.1002/ptr.6405

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Citations (52)

Chemoenzymatic Synthesis, Nanotization, and Anti-Aspergillus Activity of Optically Enriched Fluconazole Analogues

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (2017)

Shashwat Malhotra Seema Singh Neha Rana Shilpi Tomar P. K. Bhatnagar

Despite recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods in antifungal research, aspergillosis still remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. One strategy to address this problem is to enhance the activity spectrum of known antifungals, and we now report the first successful application of Candida antarctica lipase (CAL) for the preparation of optically enriched fluconazole analogues. Anti-Aspergillus activity was observed for an optically enriched derivative, (-)-S-2-(2',4'-difluorophenyl)-1-hexyl-amino-3-(1‴,2‴,4‴)triazol-1‴-yl-propan-2-ol, which exhibits MIC values of 15.6 μg/ml and 7.8 μg/disc in broth microdilution and disc diffusion assays, respectively. This compound is tolerated by mammalian erythrocytes and cell lines (A549 and U87) at concentrations of up to 1,000 μg/ml. When incorporated into dextran nanoparticles, the novel, optically enriched fluconazole analogue exhibited improved antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus (MIC, 1.63 μg/ml). These results not only demonstrate the ability of biocatalytic approaches to yield novel, optically enriched fluconazole derivatives but also suggest that enantiomerically pure fluconazole derivatives, and their nanotized counterparts, exhibiting anti-Aspergillus activity may have reduced toxicity.

Broth microdilution

Candida antarctica

10.1128/aac.00273-17

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Antibiotic Adjuvants: A Promising Approach to Combat Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

Current Drug Targets (2021)

Namita Sharma Anil Kumar Chhillar Sweety Dahiya Pooja Choudhary Aruna Punia

The escalating emergence and prevalence of infections caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria accentuate the crucial need to develop novel and effectual therapeutic strategies to control this threat. The recent past surprisingly indicates a staggering decline in effective strategies against MDR. Different approaches have been employed to minimize the effect of resistance, but the question still lingers over the astounding number of drugs already tried and tested. Furthermore, the detection of new drug targets and the action of new antibacterial agents against already existing drug targets also complicate the condition. Antibiotic adjuvants are considered as one such promising approach for overcoming bacterial resistance. Adjuvants can potentiate the action of generally adopted antibacterial drugs against MDR bacterial pathogens either by minimizing the impact and emergence of resistance or improving the action of antibacterial drugs. This review provides an overview of the mechanism of antibiotic resistance, the main types of adjuvants and their mode of action, achievements and progression.

Mode of Action

Pathogenic bacteria

10.2174/1389450122666210120084406

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Citations (15)