The effects of pioglitazone on leptin-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), proliferating nuclear antigen (PCNA) and leptin receptor (OB-R) mRNA and protein expressions were measured. The results showed that pioglitazone inhibied leptin-induced VSMCs proliferation as well as expression of PCNA and OB-R at both mRNA and protein levels. The maximum effect was at 100 μmol/L(P<0.01).
Key words:
Pioglitazone; Vascular smooth muscle cells; Leptin; Leptin receptor; Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
Abstract Understanding and dissecting the role of different subsets of regulatory tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the immunopathogenesis of individual cancer is a challenge for anti-tumor immunotherapy. High levels of γδ regulatory T cells have been discovered in breast TILs. However, the clinical relevance of these intratumoral γδ T cells is unknown. In this study, γδ T cell populations were analyzed by performing immunohistochemical staining in primary breast cancer tissues from patients with different stages of cancer progression. Retrospective multivariate analyses of the correlations between γδ T cell levels and other prognostic factors and clinical outcomes were completed. We found that γδ T cell infiltration and accumulation in breast tumor sites was a general feature in breast cancer patients. Intratumoral γδ T cell numbers were positively correlated with advanced tumor stages, HER2 expression status, and high lymph node metastasis but inversely correlated with relapse-free survival and overall survival of breast cancer patients. Multivariate and univariate analyses of tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells and other prognostic factors further suggested that intratumoral γδ T cells represented the most significant independent prognostic factor for assessing severity of breast cancer compared with the other known factors. Intratumoral γδ T cells were positively correlated with FOXP3+ cells and CD4+ T cells but negatively correlated with CD8+ T cells in breast cancer tissues. These findings suggest that intratumoral γδ T cells may serve as a valuable and independent prognostic biomarker, as well as a potential therapeutic target for human breast cancer.
Objective:To explore the effectiveness of interactive teaching method in nursing aesthetics teaching.Method:The interactive teaching method is implemented on the test group which consisted of the nursing students of Grade 2003 while the Grade 2002 comprising the control group only receives the traditional teaching.Results:Most students in test group consider that interactive teaching method can arouse students'learning interests,enhance learning effects and improve comprehensive quality.There is a significant difference(P 0.01)in experimental score between the two groups.Conclusion:Interactive teaching is superior to traditional teaching.It helps to develop the knowledge and ability of students synchronously,so it is applicable to the teaching of nursing aesthetics.
This article described the dominant significance of carrying out medical moral education for students by medical college libraries and analyzed the advantages of the libraries in the medical moral education.The author put forward how the libraries to carry out the medical moral education.
The aim of this study was to investigate a possible mechanism of CD8+ regulatory T-cell (Treg) production in an ovarian cancer (OC) microenvironment.Agilent microarray was used to detect changes in gene expression between CD8+ T cells cultured with and without the SKOV3 ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line. QRT-PCR was performed to determine glycolysis gene expression in CD8+ T cells from a transwell culturing system and OC patients. We also detected protein levels of glycolysis-related genes using Western blot analysis.Comparing gene expression profiles revealed significant differences in expression levels of 1420 genes, of which 246 were up-regulated and 1174 were down-regulated. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated that biological processes altered in CD8+ Treg are particularly associated with energy metabolism. CD8+ Treg cells induced by co-culture with SKOV3 had lower glycolysis gene expression compared to CD8+ T cells cultured alone. Glycolysis gene expression was also decreased in the CD8+ T cells of OC patients.These findings provide a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of DEGs in CD8+ T cells cultured with and without SKOV3 and suggests that metabolic processes may be a possible mechanism for CD8+ Treg induction.
Based on onus proof conversion,the hospital wants to justify its action,and the exonerative reason must be provided by hospital. Onus proof conversion can improve the level of diagnoses and therapy,but the medical enthusiasm,medical invention and new technique on medicine would be cumbered. Medical dispute was not fallen after the law being administered. Defensive medicine began prevailing against medicinal tradition. The background of the defensive medicine and the effect of medical burden of proof reversed and medical behavior risk on the defensive medicine were discussed.The author regards the negative medicine will damage patients' rights,suggests advice on the defensive medicine and views that excessive defensive medicine can not prevent medicine conflicts.
Chemical properties of organic matter are fundamental for soil fertility. However it is unclear how physical size and fertilization regime shifts the chemical composition and oxidation state of soil organic matter (SOM). Here we studied this issue among three physical size classes under four 32-years amendments: control (unfertilized), urea (N), urea+Ca(H2PO4)2+KCl (NPK), and NPK + pig manure (NPKM). Coarse particulate (cPOM, >250 μm), fine particulate (fPOM, 53–250 μm) and mineral-associated OM (MAOM, <53 μm) fractions were separated and analyzed by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Over the 32-years, the SOM of control, N, NPK and NPKM increased by 10.6%, 14.2%, 23% and 52% compared with the initial level, respectively. The conversion efficiency from fertilization-induced input-C to soil organic carbon (SOC) was 6.8%. Physical size but not fertilization primarily regulated the molecular composition of SOM, with relative selective retention of aromatics and lignin in cPOM and fPOM, whereas N-containing compounds, especially amino-N, were enriched in MAOM because of their high chemical affinities to minerals. The C oxidation state was also mainly dependent on physical size, with the highest value in fPOM. The sources of SOM and its fractions, dominated by microbial-derived compounds (60-90%), were independent on physical size and fertilization. In conclusion, physical size, not amendment regime, primarily regulated the chemical composition and oxidation state of SOM, suggesting that physical fractionation (proxy of microbial decomposition degree) plays greater role in SOM chemistry than the quality of amendments.
NLRP3 inflammasomes- pyroptosis axis is activated by microcirculation dysfunction and touched off severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Activation of PGC-1α can improve microcirculation dysfunction by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. Resveratrol (RSV), one typical SIRT1 agonist, possesses the ability of alleviating SAP and activing PGC-1α. Therefore, the study was designated to explore whether the protective effect of RSV in SAP was though suppressing NLRP3 inflammasomes- pyroptosis axis via advancing SIRT1/PGC-1α-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis. The models of SAP were induced by treating with sodium taurodeoxycholate in rats and AR42J cells. The pathological injury, water content (dry/wet ratio) and microcirculation function of pancreas, activity of lipase and amylase were used to evaluate pancreatic damage. The expression of inflammatory cytokine was measured by ELISA and RT-PCR. The damage of mitochondrial was evaluated by measuring the changes in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (ΔΨm), mitochondrial ROS, ATP content and MDA as well as relocation of mtDNA and the activity of SOD and GSH. The expressions of NLRP3 inflammasomes- pyroptosis axis proteins were detected by Western blotting as well as SIRT1/PGC-1α/NRF1/TFAM pathway protein. Moreover, the modification of PGC-1α was measured by co-immunoprecipitation. The results displayed that RSV can significantly improve the damage of pancreas and mitochondrial, decrease the expression of pro-inflammatory factor and the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes- pyroptosis axis, promote the expression of an-inflammatory factor and the deacetylation of PGC-1α together with facilitating SIRT1/PGC-1α-mediating mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, the protective effect of RSV in SAP is though inactivation of NLRP3 inflammasomes- pyroptosis axis via promoting mitochondrial biogenesis in a SIRT1/PGC-1α-dependent manner.
ABSTRACT Importance It is known that oocytes undergo aging that is caused by exposure to an aged ovarian microenvironment. Telomere length in mouse and bovine oocytes declines with age, and age-associated telomere shortening in oocytes is considered a sign of poor development competency. Women with advanced age undergoing assisted reproductive technologies have poor outcomes because of increasing aneuploidy rates with age. Research has shown that aneuploidy is associated with DNA damage, reactive oxygen species, and telomere dysfunction. Objective In this review, we focus on the possible relationship between telomere dysfunction and aneuploidy in human early embryo development and several reproductive and perinatal outcomes, discussing the mechanism of aneuploidy caused by telomere shortening and fusion in human embryos. Evidence Acquisition We reviewed the current literature evidence concerning telomere dysfunction and aneuploidy in early human embryo development. Results Shorter telomeres in oocytes, leukocytes, and granulosa cells, related to aging in women, were associated with recurrent miscarriage, trisomy 21, ovarian insufficiency, and decreasing chance of in vitro fertilization success. Telomere length and telomerase activity in embryos have been related to the common genomic instability at the cleavage stage of human development. Complications of assisted reproductive technology pregnancies, such as miscarriage, birth defects, preterm births, and intrauterine growth restriction, also might result from telomere shortening as observed in oocytes, polar body, granulosa cells, and embryos. Conclusions and Relevance Telomere length clearly plays an important role in the development of the embryo and fetus, and the abnormal shortening of telomeres is likely involved in embryo loss during early human development. However, telomere fusion studies have yet to be performed in early human development. Target Audience Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians Learning Objectives After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to identify telomere dysfunction; describe telomere length and aneuploidy during early development of preimplantation embryos in humans; and explain the possible effects of telomere fusions during early development of preimplantation embryos in humans.
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