Salum Mshamu

University of Oxford

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Lorenz von Seidlein

Mahidol University

Jakob Knudsen

Royal Danish Academy – Architecture, Design, Conservation

Jacqueline Deen

University of the Philippines Manila

Christopher Pell

Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development

Ramadhani Noor

Government of Ethiopia

Wafaie Fawzi

Harvard University

Steve W. Lindsay

Durham University

Emily R. Smith

Duke Institute for Health Innovation

Alfa Muhihi

Africa Academy for Public Health

Mavuto Mukaka

University of Oxford

Cooperative Institutions

University of Oxford

Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit

Mahidol University

London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine

Kenya Medical Research Institute

Harvard University

Angkor Hospital for Children

Harvard Global Health Institute

Ifakara Health Institute

National Institute for Medical Research

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Clinic-based Assessment of Folate Levels for Women of Reproductive Age, as an Impact Indicator for a National Food Fortification Program in Tanzania

European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety (2015)

Ramadhani Noor Salum Mshamu Nzovu Ulenga Ellen Hertzmark Wafaie Fawzi

Food fortification

10.9734/ejnfs/2015/21200

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Factors associated with plasma n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in Tanzanian infants

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2019)

Pili Kamenju Ellen Hertzmark Edmond K. Kabagambe Emily R. Smith Alfa Muhihi

10.1038/s41430-019-0428-7

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Midterm evaluation of USAID Tulonge Afya Project

Catherine Kahabuka Salum Mshamu Nrupa Jani Kamden Hoffmann

This report examines findings from a mid-term evaluation conducted by Breakthrough RESEARCH, a USAID-funded research and evaluation project. The purpose of this evaluation is to provide recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of USAID Tulonge Afya’s strategies and activities as the program enters year three. The evaluation identified successes, promising strategies, and interventions that can be sustained throughout the life of the project and scaled-up to other regions and districts. The evaluation also helps to identify facilitating and limiting factors for implementing a complex, integrated social and behavior change communication (SBCC) program, with applications for the future of this project as well as future integrated SBCC programming globally.

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Impact evaluation

10.31899/sbsr2020.1010

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Correction: Assessing the impact of a novel house design on the incidence of malaria in children in rural Africa: study protocol for a household-cluster randomized controlled superiority trial

Trials (2022)

Salum Mshamu Arnold S. Mmbando Judith Meta John Bradley Thomas Chevalier Bøjstrup

Research Design

10.1186/s13063-022-06501-8

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Citations (1)

Approaching the community about screening children for a multicentre malaria vaccine trial

International Health (2011)

Trudie Lang Jayne Gould Lorenz von Seidlein John Lusingu Salum Mshamu

Community sensitisation, as a component of community engagement, plays an important role in strengthening the ethics of community-based trials in developing countries and is fundamental to trial success. However, few researchers have shared their community sensitisation strategies and experiences. We report on our perspective as researchers on the sensitisation activities undertaken for a phase II malaria vaccine trial in Kilifi District (Kenya) and Korogwe District (Tanzania), with the aim of informing and guiding the operational planning of future trials. We report wide variability in recruitment rates within both sites; a variability that occurred against a backdrop of similarity in overall approaches to sensitisation across the two sites but significant differences in community exposure to biomedical research. We present a range of potential factors contributing to these differences in recruitment rates, which we believe are worth considering in future community sensitisation plans. We conclude by arguing for carefully designed social science research around the implementation and impact of community sensitisation activities.

Community Engagement

10.1016/j.inhe.2011.10.003

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Citations (21)

A Comparative Study to Investigate the Impact of Novel House Design on Indoor Air Quality in Rural Tanzania

O. Wood Jakob Knudsen Salum Mshamu Mavuto Mukaka Lorenz von Seidlein

10.2139/ssrn.4929789

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The effect of neonatal vitamin A supplementation on morbidity and mortality at 12 months: a randomized trial

International Journal of Epidemiology (2016)

Emily R. Smith Alfa Muhihi Salum Mshamu Christopher R. Sudfeld Ramadhani Noor

Background: Neonatal vitamin A supplementation (NVAS) is an intervention hypothesized to reduce infant morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of neonatal vitamin A supplementation in reducing infant morbidity and mortality and assess potential sources of heterogeneity of the effect of NVAS.

10.1093/ije/dyw238

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Comparing the roles of community health workers for malaria control and elimination in Cambodia and Tanzania

BMJ Global Health (2023)

Bipin Adhikari M. Bayo Thomas J. Peto James J. Callery Rupam Tripura

The reduction of deaths from malaria in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is stalling, whereas many countries in Southeast Asia are approaching malaria elimination. We reviewed the role of community health worker (CHW) programmes in malaria control and elimination between regions, with a more detailed description of the programmes in Tanzania and Cambodia. Compared with Tanzania, Cambodia has a much more developed CHW network, which has been pivotal in the near elimination of malaria. In Tanzania, the malaria burden has remained similar over the last decade and treatment continues to rely on healthcare facilities, which provide more limited access to early diagnosis and treatment. Overall, the proportion of malaria cases treated by CHWs is substantially lower in SSA than in Southeast Asia. Even though networks of CHWs are resource intensive and malaria epidemiology differs substantially between countries, there is a strong case for expanding CHW networks in rural SSA to improve early access to effective malaria treatment and reduce the malaria burden.

Community Health Workers

10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013593

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Acceptability of improved cook stoves-a scoping review of the literature

PLOS Global Public Health (2025)

Bipin Adhikari Sophie Kang Aaryan Dahal Salum Mshamu Jacqueline Deen

Improved cooking stoves (ICS) are intended to reduce indoor air pollution and the inefficient use of fuel yet there is often reticence to shift permanently to ICS. Drawing on a scoping review, this article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of factors affecting the acceptability of ICS. A scoping review was carried out using a systematic search strategy of literature. All articles identified in three major databases that included Pubmed/Medline, Scopus and Web of Science underwent screening followed by content analysis to generate major and minor themes using a structured social level analysis. The analysis identified factors at micro, meso, and macro-social levels that potentially contribute to an adoption of an improved cooking stove (ICS). The findings from the review were discussed and refined among a group of experts identified based on their prior academic or commercial contributions related to ICS. Adoption of ICS was dependent on functional outputs (e.g. cleanliness, and cooking efficiency) while meeting local social and cultural demands (e.g. cooking large meals, traditional meals, and taste). Health and cost benefits played an important role in the adoption and sustained use of ICS. The adoption of ICS was enabled by use among neighbors and other community members. Sustained use of ICS depended on fuel supply, fuel security and policies promoting its use. Policies offering subsidies in support of supply-chain garnered institutional trust among community members and resulted in the sustained use of ICS. In addition to design attributes of ICS that could meet both scientific and social demands, policies supporting promotion of clean energy, subsidies and supplies can substantially enhance the adoption of ICS.

Stove

10.1371/journal.pgph.0004042

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Understanding reticence to occupy free, novel-design homes: A qualitative study in Mtwara, Southeast Tanzania

PLOS Global Public Health (2023)

Judith Meta Salum Mshamu Salma Halifa Arnold S. Mmbando Hannah Wood

Introduction The population of Africa set to reach 2 billion by 2050. There is therefore great demand for housing across the continent. Research on modified novel designs for housing is a priority to ensure that these homes are not sites of infection for diseases transmission such as malaria. One trial to assess the protection afforded by novel design houses is underway in Mtwara Region, southeastern Tanzania. After constructing 110 of such homes across 60 villages, project staff encountered a certain reticence of the target population to occupy the homes and were faced with accusations of having nefarious intentions. This article explores these accusations, their impacts on home occupancy and lessons for future housing studies. Methods This qualitative study drew on in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with ten occupants of the intervention homes, six community leaders and a further 24 community members. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated to English for qualitative content analysis. Results In communities around the Star Homes, during construction and handover, project staff were widely associated with ‘Freemasons’, a term used to practices, secrecy, and other conspiracy theories in rural Tanzania. These connections were attributed to other community members and explained in terms of knowledge deficit or envy, with others hoping to be allocated the home. The stories were embedded in assumptions of reciprocity and suspicions about study motives, linked to limited experience of research. The relationship between the accusations of freemasonry and reticence to occupy the houses was not straightforward, with project staff or relatives playing a role in decisions. The stakes were high, because the recipients of Star Homes were the poorest families in targeted communities. Conclusion The results indicate the need for long-term and proactive community engagement, which focuses on building relationships and providing information through recognizable voices and formats. Given the stakes at play in housing interventions, research teams should be prepared for the social upheaval the provision of free new housing can cause.

Reciprocity

10.1371/journal.pgph.0002307

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Citations (2)