1 Physicochemical aspects of multilayered polyelectrolyte films Multilayered polyelectrolyte films are obtained by alternated depositions on a solid surface of polyanions and polycations~([1]). The driving force for the build-up results from the charge excess which appears on the top of the film after each new polyelectrolyte adsorption. The film top becomes thus positively (respectively negatively) charged when the film is ending by a polycation (respectively polyanion). Various polyelectrolyte systems hav...