Abstract We study the correlation statistics of phonon radiations in a weakly driven optomechanical system. Three dominated scattering processes are identified by the scattering theory analytically and the master equation numerically, whose interplay determines the phonon statistical properties. Our results show that for the large detuning, the driving field off-resonant with the system induces a small emission rate of two anti-bunched phonons. For the resonant driving field, there is a relatively large emission rate of two bunched phonons.
Incremental learning has emerged to solve the problem of incrementally updating the classification model as the number of data classes grows. There are many challenges in incremental learning such as catastrophic forgetting and learning efficiency. In this paper, we present a method of the modulation recognition based on incremental learning, that allows learning continuously with a class-incremental way. The new classes can be added into the existing model progressively from a sequential data stream. We conduct experiments on the modulation signal dataset characterized by the constellation diagram, the experimental results prove the feasibility of our incremental learning system. Our method performs similarly in classification accuracy compared to common multi-task joint training, but performs better in training efficiency.
Abstract Pasteurella multocida is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause fatal infections in both animals and humans. A significant number of putative adhesive factors have been predicted to contribute to the pathogenesis of P. multocida , but their interactive proteins on host cells remain unclear. In this study, we experimentally verified the roles of three previously proposed proteins (PlpE, PtfA, Hsf-2) in the adherence of P. multocida . Through turboID-based proximity labeling screening, we identified ATP-binding cassette sub-family F member 2 (ABCF2) as a host interactive protein for PlpE/PtfA/Hsf-2. Crucial amino acid residues in PlpE, PtfA, and/or Hsf-2 that are essential for interacting with ABCF2 included Asp-123 (PlpE), Lys-88 (PtfA), Asp-136 (PtfA), Ala-464 (Hsf-2), Glu-473 (Hsf-2), and Arg-489 (Hsf-2). Knocking down or knocking out ABCF2 significantly reduced the adherence and invasion of P . multocida to host cells, while overexpression of ABCF2 markedly increased these effects. However, ABCF2 did not contribute to the adherence of other bacterial species such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bordetella bronchiseptica . Additionally, we demonstrated that P. multocida infection upregulated the expression of host ABCF2 by activating the p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, we showed that ABCF2 was involved in the P. multocida -induced p53-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first identification of ABCF2 as a host factor contributing to the adherence of P. multocida and only the second report of ABCF2’s involvement in bacterial pathogenesis. Importance P. multocida can cause fatal infections in both animals and humans, yet the mechanisms related to its pathogenesis remain to be fully explored. In this study, we identified ABCF2 as a crucial host interactive protein for three adhesive proteins encoded by P. multocida and experimentally verified its role in the adherence and invasion of P. multocida . Furthermore, we elucidated how P. multocida modulates ABCF2 during its infection and revealed p53-dependent apoptosis as a downstream effect of ABCF2 during P. multocida infection. Given the absence of reports on ABCF2 contributing to the pathogenesis of P. multocida and only one previous report on the involvement of ABCF2 in bacterial pathogenesis prior to this study, this research could be valuable for comprehending the interactions between bacteria and hosts during bacterial infections.
Abstract The vibrational energy levels of many biomolecules correspond to the terahertz band; thus, terahertz technology can be used to identify these substances. Moreover, as the biological activity of most biomolecules can be observed only in aqueous solution, the characteristics of such biomolecules must be studied in aqueous solution. In this study, a simple microfluidic chip, a temperature control device and a strong electric field device were designed to study the terahertz absorption characteristics of guar gum for different temperatures, concentrations and electric field exposure durations, thus enabling the use of terahertz technology to analyse the characteristics of guar gum.
We propose a quantum algorithm based on ridge regression model, which get the optimal fitting parameters w and a regularization hyperparameter α by analysing the training dataset. The algorithm consists of two subalgorithms. One is generating predictive value for a new input, the way is to apply the phase estimation algorithm to the initial state |Xi and apply the controlled rotation to the eigenvalue register. The other is finding an optimal regularization hyperparameter α , the way is to apply the phase estimation algorithm to the initial state |yi and apply the controlled rotation to the eigenvalue register. The second subalgorithm can compute the whole training dataset in parallel that improve the efficiency. Compared with the classical ridge regression algorithm, our algorithm overcome multicollinearity and overfitting. Moreover, it have exponentially faster. What's more, our algorithm can deal with the non-sparse matrices in comparison to some existing quantum algorithms and have slightly speedup than the existing quantum counterpart. At present, the quantum algorithm has a wide range of application and the proposed algorithm can be used as a subroutine of other quantum algorithms.
Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) is an exotoxin produced by several members of the zoonotic respiratory pathogen P. multocida. The role of PMT in disrupting the mammalian respiratory barrier remains to be elucidated. In this study, we showed that inoculation of recombinantly expressed PMT increased the permeability of the respiratory epithelial barrier in mouse and respiratory cell models. This was evidenced by a decreased expression of tight junctions (ZO-1, occludin) and adherens junctions (β-catenin, E-cadherin), as well as enhanced cytoskeletal rearrangement. In mechanism, we demonstrated that PMT inoculation induced cytoplasmic Ca2+ inflow, leading to an imbalance of cellular Ca2+ homoeostasis and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This process further stimulated the RhoA/ROCK signalling, promoting cytoskeletal rearrangement and reducing the expression of tight junctions and adherens junctions. Notably, the T-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channel CaV3.1 was found to participate in PMT-induced cytoplasmic Ca2+ inflow. Knocking out CaV3.1 significantly reduced the cytotoxicity induced by PMT on swine respiratory epithelial cells and mitigated cytoplasmic Ca2+ inflow stimulated by PMT. These findings suggest CaV3.1 contributes to PMT-induced respiratory epithelial barrier disruption.
Treatments with abiotic elicitors can efficiently induce the accumulation of specialized metabolites in plants. We used a combined omics approach to analyze the elicitation effects of MeJa, AgNO 3 , and PEG on camptothecin (CPT) biosynthesis in Camptotheca acuminata plantlets. Untargeted analyses revealed that treatments with MeJa, AgNO 3 , and PEG significantly inhibited the photosynthetic pathway and promoted carbon metabolism and secondary metabolic pathways. The CPT levels increased by 78.6, 73.3, and 50.0% in the MeJa, AgNO 3 , and PEG treatment groups, respectively. Using C. acuminata plantlets after elicitation treatment, we mined and characterized 15 new alkaloids, 25 known CPT analogs and precursors, 9 iridoid biosynthetic precursors, and 15 tryptamine biosynthetic precursors based on their MS/MS fragmentation spectra. Using 32 characterized genes involved in CPT biosynthesis as bait, we mined 12 prioritized CYP450 genes from the 416 CYP450 candidates that had been identified based on co-expression analysis, conserved domain analysis, and their elicitation-associated upregulation patterns. This study provides a comprehensive perspective on CPT biosynthesis in C. acuminata plantlets after abiotic elicitation. The findings enable us to elucidate the previously unexplored CYP450-mediated oxidation steps for CPT biosynthesis.
Abstract The vibrational energy levels of many biomolecules correspond to the terahertz band; thus, terahertz technology can be used to identify these substances. Moreover, as the biological activity of most biomolecules can be observed only in aqueous solution, the characteristics of such biomolecules must be studied in aqueous solution. In this study, a simple microfluidic chip, a temperature control device and a strong electric field device were designed to study the terahertz absorption characteristics of guar gum for different temperatures, concentrations and electric field exposure durations, thus enabling the use of terahertz technology to analyse the characteristics of guar gum.
To study the impact mechanism and effect of agricultural digitization on the agricultural field plays a vital role in achieving the target of high-quality agricultural development. There are three perspectives that can be taken to construct the framework of analysis as to the impact mechanism of agricultural digitization on the high-quality development of agriculture: enhancing agricultural production efficiency, optimizing resource allocation and upgrading the industrial structure. Besides, the threshold effect of the education level of the labor force is also analyzed. Based on China’s provincial panel data from 2011 to 2020, the two-way fixed effects model and threshold effect test model are applied to verify the research hypothesis. It has been discovered that agricultural digitization is conducive to promoting the high-quality development of agriculture. Heterogeneity analysis shows that agricultural digitization plays a more significant role in the eastern region than in the central and western regions. There is a single threshold effect that depends on the education level of the rural labor force in the promotion of agricultural digitization to high-quality agricultural development. When the threshold is exceeded, agricultural digitization plays a more significant role in promoting high-quality agricultural development. There are three policy suggestions made to conclude the study. The first one is to improve the construction of agricultural digitization infrastructure. The second one is to pay attention to the differences in the development degree and demand between regions in the process of agricultural digitization construction. The last one is to improve the quality of the rural labor force and the input of scientific and technological talents in the agricultural industry.
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