The aerodynamic effects that occur when a high-speed lift travels through the hoistway involve a range of diverse phenomena that lead to excessive vibrations of the sling-car assembly and noise inside the hoistway and the car. Noise and vibration may then be transmitted to the building structure. Thus, a good understanding and prediction of aerodynamic phenomena occurring in high-speed lift installations is essential to design a system which satisfies ever more demanding ride quality criteria. This paper discusses the fluid-structure interactions taking place in high-rise applications and presents the results of a study to develop a computational model to predict the aerodynamic interactions in high-speed lift systems using Multibody Dynamics (MBD) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques. The model is implemented in a high- performance computer simulation and 3D visualisation platform. It is demonstrated that the model can be deployed as a tool for aerodynamic design and optimization of high-rise lift systems.
Purpose – Numerous studies have been conducted in the field of acoustic emission (AE) technology applied to rotating machine fault diagnosis. Principally, most of the work to date has been focused on correlating AE activity to the defect condition on rolling element bearings with limited investigations on hydrodynamic bearings. This paper aims to address this issue.
The McMurdo Dry Valleys magmatic system, Antarctica, provides a world-class example of pervasive lateral magma flow on a continental scale. The lowermost intrusion (Basement Sill) offers detailed sections through the now frozen particle microstructure of a congested magma slurry. We simulated the flow regime in two and three dimensions using numerical models built on a finite-element mesh derived from field data. The model captures the flow behaviour of the Basement Sill magma over a viscosity range of 1–10 4 Pa s where the higher end (greater than or equal to 10 2 Pa s) corresponds to a magmatic slurry with crystal fractions varying between 30 and 70%. A novel feature of the model is the discovery of transient, low viscosity (less than or equal to 50 Pa s) high Reynolds number eddies formed along undulating contacts at the floor and roof of the intrusion. Numerical tracing of particle orbits implies crystals trapped in eddies segregate according to their mass density. Recovered shear strain rates (10 −3 –10 −5 s −1 ) at viscosities equating to high particle concentrations (around more than 40%) in the Sill interior point to shear-thinning as an explanation for some types of magmatic layering there. Model transport rates for the Sill magmas imply a maximum emplacement time of ca 10 5 years, consistent with geochemical evidence for long-range lateral flow. It is a theoretically possibility that fast-flowing magma on a continental scale will be susceptible to planetary-scale rotational forces.
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