Xusheng Xu

State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics

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Man‐Hong Yung

Southern University of Science and Technology

Gui‐Lu Long

Tsinghua University

Abolfazl Bayat

University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

Chufan Lyu

University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

Run-Hong He

Ocean University of China

Min Wang

Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences

Jianjun Fu

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

Changsu Cao

Tsinghua University

Xi Chen

Harbin University

Yikun Li

Nanyang Technological University

Cooperative Institutions

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Tsinghua University

Southern University of Science and Technology

Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences

University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

Huawei Technologies (China)

Nanjing Forestry University

University of Science and Technology of China

Harbin Institute of Technology

Huazhong University of Science and Technology

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Redesign Quantum Circuits on Quantum Hardware Device

arXiv (Cornell University) (2024)

Run-Hong He Ji Guan Xin Hong Xusheng Xu Guolong Cui

In the process of exploring quantum algorithms, researchers often need to conduct equivalence checking of quantum circuits with different structures or to reconstruct a circuit in a variational manner, aiming to reduce the depth of the target circuit. Whereas the exponential resource overhead for describing quantum systems classically makes the existing methods not amenable to serving large-scale quantum circuits. Grounded in the entangling quantum generative adversarial network (EQ-GAN), we present in this article a new architecture which enables one to redesign large-scale quantum circuits on quantum hardware. For concreteness, we apply this architecture to three crucial applications in circuit optimization, including the equivalence checking of (non-) parameterized circuits, as well as the variational reconstruction of quantum circuits. The feasibility of our approach is demonstrated by the excellent results of these applications, which are implemented both in classical computers and current NISQ hardware. We believe our work should facilitate the implementation and validation of the advantages of quantum algorithms.

10.48550/arxiv.2412.20893

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Variational simulation of $d$-level systems on qubit-based quantum simulators

arXiv (Cornell University) (2024)

Chufan Lyu Zuoheng Zou Xusheng Xu Man‐Hong Yung Abolfazl Bayat

Current quantum simulators are primarily qubit-based, making them naturally suitable for simulating 2-level quantum systems. However, many systems in nature are inherently $d$-level, including higher spins, bosons, vibrational modes, and itinerant electrons. To simulate $d$-level systems on qubit-based quantum simulators, an encoding method is required to map the $d$-level system onto a qubit basis. Such mapping may introduce illegitimate states in the Hilbert space which makes the simulation more sophisticated. In this paper, we develop a systematic method to address the illegitimate states. In addition, we compare two different mappings, namely binary and symmetry encoding methods, and compare their performance through variational simulation of the ground state and time evolution of various many-body systems. While binary encoding is very efficient with respect to the number of qubits it cannot easily incorporate the symmetries of the original Hamiltonian in its circuit design. On the other hand, the symmetry encoding facilitates the implementation of symmetries in the circuit design, though it comes with an overhead for the number of qubits. Our analysis shows that the symmetry encoding significantly outperforms the binary encoding, despite requiring extra qubits. Their advantage is indicated by requiring fewer two-qubit gates, converging faster, and being far more resilient to Barren plateaus. We have performed variational ground state simulations of spin-1, spin-3/2, and bosonic systems as well as variational time evolution of spin-1 systems. Our proposal can be implemented on existing quantum simulators and its potential is extendable to a broad class of physical models.

10.48550/arxiv.2405.05051

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Exploring Ground States of Fermi-Hubbard Model on Honeycomb Lattices with Counterdiabaticity

arXiv (Cornell University) (2024)

Jialiang Tang Ruoqian Xu Yongcheng Ding Xusheng Xu Yue Ban

Exploring the ground state properties of many-body quantum systems conventionally involves adiabatic processes, alongside exact diagonalization, in the context of quantum annealing or adiabatic quantum computation. Shortcuts to adiabaticity by counter-diabatic driving serve to accelerate these processes by suppressing energy excitations. Motivated by this, we develop variational quantum algorithms incorporating the auxiliary counterdiabatic interactions, comparing them with digitized adiabatic algorithms. These algorithms are then implemented on gate-based quantum circuits to explore the ground states of the Fermi-Hubbard model on honeycomb lattices, utilizing systems with up to 26 qubits. The comparison reveals that the counter-diabatic inspired ansatz is superior to traditional Hamiltonian variational ansatz. Furthermore, the number and duration of Trotter steps are analyzed to understand and mitigate errors. Given the model's relevance to materials in condensed matter, our study paves the way for using variational quantum algorithms with counterdiabaticity to explore quantum materials in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era.

Honeycomb

10.48550/arxiv.2405.09225

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Modularized and Scalable Compilation for Double Quantum Dot Quatum Computing

Research Square (Research Square) (2023)

Run-Hong He Xusheng Xu Mark Byrd Zhao-Ming Wang

Abstract Any quantum program on a realistic quantum device must be compiled into an executable form while taking into account the underlying hardware constraints. Stringent restrictions on architecture and control imposed by physical platforms make this very challenging. In this paper, based on the quantum variational algorithm, we propose a novel scheme to train an Ansatz circuit and realize high-fidelity compilation of a set of universal quantum gates for singlet-triplet qubits in semiconductor double quantum dots, a fairly heavily constrained system. Furthermore, we propose a scalable architecture for a modular implementation ofquantum programs in this constrained systems and validate its performance with two representative demonstrations, Grover's algorithm for the database searching (static compilation) and a variant of variational quantum eigensolver for the Max-Cut optimization (dynamic compilation). Our methods are potentially applicable to a wide range of physical devices. This work constitutes an important stepping-stone for exploiting the potential for advanced and complicated quantum algorithms on near-term devices.

Executable

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10.21203/rs.3.rs-2596937/v1

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Symmetry enhanced variational quantum spin eigensolver

arXiv (Cornell University) (2022)

Chufan Lyu Xusheng Xu Man‐Hong Yung Abolfazl Bayat

The variational quantum-classical algorithms are the most promising approach for achieving quantum advantage on near-term quantum simulators. Among these methods, the variational quantum eigensolver has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. While it is very effective for simulating the ground state of many-body systems, its generalization to excited states becomes very resource demanding. Here, we show that this issue can significantly be improved by exploiting the symmetries of the Hamiltonian. The improvement is even more effective for higher energy eigenstates. We introduce two methods for incorporating the symmetries. In the first approach, called hardware symmetry preserving, all the symmetries are included in the design of the circuit. In the second approach, the cost function is updated to include the symmetries. The hardware symmetry preserving approach indeed outperforms the second approach. However, integrating all symmetries in the design of the circuit could be extremely challenging. Therefore, we introduce hybrid symmetry preserving method in which symmetries are divided between the circuit and the classical cost function. This allows to harness the advantage of symmetries while preventing sophisticated circuit design.

Hamiltonian (control theory)

Benchmark (surveying)

10.48550/arxiv.2203.02444

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Research on the Influence of Liquid on Heat Dissipation and Heating Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Management System

World Electric Vehicle Journal (2022)

Chuanwei Zhang Jing Huang Weixin Sun Xusheng Xu Yikun Li

A battery thermal management system (BTMS) with functions of heat dissipation and heating by using only one liquid and one structure was studied, and a design for a new type of thermal management device structure was proposed. To find the influence factors of the BTMS on heat dissipation and heating characteristics, we selected and simulated three parameters: inlet size, liquid flow rate, and temperature. The convective heat transfer coefficient h and the Nusselt number Nu were used to analyze the influence of inlet size and liquid velocity on heat transfer intensity. The results show that: (1) In the temperature environment of 298 K with different discharge rates, a pipe diameter of 10 mm is the best size of the BTMS; (2) The increase in flow rate can increase the convective heat transfer coefficient h and the Nusselt number Nu. When the flow rate is 0.02 m/s, the growth rate of h and Nu is the largest; (3) The higher the fluid temperature, the faster the temperature of the battery pack increases in cold environments, but the uneven surface temperature of the battery is also more obvious.

Computer cooling

10.3390/wevj13040068

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Evaluation on Weathering Degree of Limestone Artifacts Considering Water Absorption Characteristics

Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review (2022)

Liang Ye Mingsen Fang Pan Qian Xusheng Xu Xuhui Wu

To realize the non-destructive detection of cultural relics, the limestone relics in Feilai Peak and Yue Temple area in Hangzhou, Chian were selected as inspection objects, and the relationship between the water absorption rate of limestone surface layer, ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity and surface layer strength were investigated.The fitting model was established according to the variation characteristics among water absorption rate, ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity, surface layer strength.The evaluation method of surface layer weathering level of limestone relics based on water absorption characteristics was also established based on the fitting model.Results show that the field test data of the superficial strength, longitudinal wave velocity and water absorption rate of limestone have an obvious negative correlation.The weathering grade evaluation method based on water absorption rate of rocks is derived from the field test data, and the rocks are classified into five grades: unweathered, slightly weathered, moderately weathered, strongly weathered and fully weathered.The corresponding water absorption rates range from 0-0.12%, 0.12-0.20%,0.20-0.61%,0.61-2.40%and >2.40%, respectively.The accuracy of the fitting results in the area around the seated statue of Luohan and the back of the Huangji tombstone are above 80%, so the weathering grade evaluation method is feasible.The weathering grade evaluation method is completely nondestructive and strictly conforms to the principle of minimum intervention.The conclusions obtained in this study can provide the reference for the subsequent conservation of limestone artifacts.

Degree (music)

10.25103/jestr.155.01

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Synthesis and effects of new caffeic acid derivatives on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages.

PubMed (2014)

Jie Zhang Liuxin Xu Xusheng Xu Bowei Li Rui Wang

In this study, 20 new derivatives of caffeic acid esters were synthesized and their inhibitory activities against the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 macrophages were determined. Compounds 3l, 3r, 3s and 3t were found to decrease nitrite levels in a dose-dependent manner in LPS-induced cells and showed potent inhibitory activities against the NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages with IC50 values of 7.4, 5.9, 3.3 and 2.2 μM, respectively. They could be selected as compromising compounds for the later pharmacological study.

IC50

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Modularized and Scalable Compilation for Double Quantum Dot Quatum Computing

arXiv (Cornell University) (2022)

Run-Hong He Xusheng Xu Mark Byrd Zhao-Ming Wang

Any quantum program on a realistic quantum device must be compiled into an executable form while taking into account the underlying hardware constraints. Stringent restrictions on architecture and control imposed by physical platforms make this very challenging. In this paper, based on the quantum variational algorithm, we propose a novel scheme to train an Ansatz circuit and realize high-fidelity compilation of a set of universal quantum gates for singlet-triplet qubits in semiconductor double quantum dots, a fairly heavily constrained system. Furthermore, we propose a scalable architecture for a modular implementation of quantum programs in this constrained systems and validate its performance with two representative demonstrations, Grover's algorithm for the database searching (static compilation) and a variant of variational quantum eigensolver for the Max-Cut optimization (dynamic compilation). Our methods are potentially applicable to a wide range of physical devices. This work constitutes an important stepping-stone for exploiting the potential for advanced and complicated quantum algorithms on near-term devices.

Executable

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10.48550/arxiv.2211.05300

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Mesoporosity in silica films studied by a slow positron beam and ellipsometry

Physics Letters A (2013)

Bangyun Xiong Wenfeng Mao Jin Yue Xusheng Xu Chunqing He

Annihilation radiation

Positron annihilation spectroscopy

Positron Lifetime Spectroscopy

10.1016/j.physleta.2013.11.023

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Citations (6)