ABSTRACTJurassic-Cretaceous magmatic rocks are widely distributed in the Jiaodong area, North China. These magmatic rocks are closely associated with gold deposits, but their petrogenesis and geodynamic background are still controversial. The Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous granitic rocks exposed in the Guocheng area, Jiaodong Peninsula are the focus of this paper. Zircon U-Pb dating, Hf-O isotope and whole rock geochemical analysis are used to determine the petrogenesis of these rocks. Combined with previous data, the geodynamic processes of granite formation in different time intervals are investigated which provide new petrological evidence for understanding the magmatic-mineralization and tectonic background of the Jiaodong area. Samples were collected from the Queshan and Shazibu plutons. The Queshan pluton is a mylonite granite, one sample of which yields a 206U-238Pb zircon age of 156 Ma, while the Shazibu pluton is a quartz monzonite, one sample of which records a 206U-238Pb zircon age of 117 Ma. The two plutons have variable zircon Hf-O isotopic compositions: zircon εHf(t) values of the Queshan pluton are −29.2 to −22.8, and δ18O values are 7.30–7.84 ‰, while the Shazibu pluton has relatively high zircon εHf(t) values (−21.6 to −21.0) and δ18O values of 7.48–8.43 ‰. Whole-rock geochemical data shows that the Queshan pluton has high Sr/Y (60.7–169) and (La/Yb)N (34.6–65.9) values and low Y (3.11–10.3 ppm) and Yb (0.29–0.85 ppm) contents, akin to adakites, whereas granites of the Shazibu pluton are A-type with high Zr+Nb+Ce+Y contents (354–420 ppm) and zircon saturation temperatures (752–795°C). Based on the geochemical and isotopic data, the Late Jurassic Queshan pluton is the product of partial melting of thickened lower crust of the North China Block, while the Early Cretaceous Shazibu pluton formed via fractional crystallization of mafic rocks derived from partial melting of the lower crust of the North China Block. Although both plutons were derived from the lower crust of the North China Block, the nature of the lower crust was modified by involvement of more depleted mantle-derived materials during the Early Cretaceous. From the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous, the rock types (from the adakite to A-type granite) and the nature of the magma source suggest a shift in geodynamic processes. Combined with previous research, the Late Jurassic Queshan pluton is proposed to have formed under low-angle subduction of the ancient Pacific Plate, while the Early Cretaceous Shazibu pluton formed subsequently during Pacific Plate rollback and extension. The Early Cretaceous transformation of tectonomagmatic environments provided favourable conditions for the formation of large-scale gold deposits in the Jiaodong region.KEYWORDS: Jiaodong peninsulaNorth China cratonJurassic-CretaceousA-type graniteadakitelithosphere thinninggold deposit AcknowledgmentsThis work was co-financed by the National Key Research and Development Plan (Grant No. 2016YFC0600104), the Geological Research Project of China National Gold Group Co., Ltd-Xintai Gold Mining Co., Ltd (Yantai, Shandong) (Grant No. XY-DZ2020081, WT-DZ2022001, XY-DZ20210161, XY-DZ2022183, WT-DZ2023074), and the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (Grant No. 2022RC1182, 2021RC4055). SAW acknowledges funding from KFUPM CPG Grant No. CPG21107. We thank Mr. Yuanxian Yue (senior geological engineer of Xintai Gold Mining Co. Ltd) for his great help during field investigation and sampling work.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Supplementary materialSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2023.2250846Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan (Grant No. 2016YFC0600104), the Geological Research Project of China National Gold Group Co., Ltd-Xintai Gold Mining Co., Ltd (Yantai, Shandong) (Grant No. XY-DZ2020081, WT-DZ2022001, XY-DZ20210161, XY-DZ2022183, WT-DZ2023074), and the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (Grant No. 2022RC1182, 2021RC4055).
The Mufushan (MFS) and Lianyunshan (LYS) granitic complexes are located in northeastern Hunan (South China) and host important Nb-Ta mineralization. Fine-grained muscovite granites (FGMGs) occur as intrusions within the Lengjiaxi Group and show a spatial relationship with the ore-bearing pegmatites. Here, geochemical, geochronological, and isotopic investigations were carried out on the FGMGs of the MFS and LYS complexes to compare their magma sources and metallogenic potential. The MFS and LYS FGMGs are strongly peraluminous (A/CNK > 1.5) and highly fractionated S-type granites. Comparatively, the MFS FGMGs possess more negative Eu (Eu/Eu* = 0.19–0.60), Ba (3.3–360 ppm), Sr (6.2–156 ppm), and Zr (4–26 ppm) anomalies, and more positive Ta (1.1–15.8 ppm) anomalies than the LYS FGMGs, suggesting a stronger magma differentiation. In addition, the zircons from the MFS FGMGs exhibit higher contents of Hf (MFS = 34336 to 60010 ppm, LYS = 6795 to 28937 ppm), Nb (MFS = 16.49 to 401.56 ppm, LYS = 1.12 to 20.22 ppm), Ta (MFS = 33.45 to 138.65 ppm, LYS = 1.11 to 7.19 ppm), Th (MFS = 458 to 3630 ppm, LYS = 11 to 710 ppm), and U (MFS = 8400 to 30100 ppm, LYS = 1285 to 5220 ppm) than those from the LYS FGMGs, suggesting that the MFS FGMGs are more fractionated and their zircons have undergone hydrothermal alteration. Zircon U-Pb dating yielded concordant ages of 140.6 ± 0.5 Ma and 139.9 ± 0.7 Ma for the MFS and LYS FGMGs, respectively, implying an Early Cretaceous magmatic-hydrothermal event. Moreover, the geochemical and isotopic (whole-rock Sm-Nd and zircon Lu-Hf) compositions show younger sources for the MFS FGMGs compared to the LYS FGMGs, which were derived from the partial melting of Paleoproterozoic basement rocks with clay-rich material in a post-collision extensional setting. Our results, combined with previous studies, indicate that the studied FGMGs are the parental rocks of extensive Nb-Ta mineralization, and the highly fractionated MFS FGMGs are more conducive to hosting Nb-Ta mineralization than the LYS FGMGs. The strongly peraluminous and highly-fractionated S-type FGMGs can be used as good targets for further exploration of Nb-Ta deposits in South China and elsewhere.
Due to the advantage of geostationary satellites, Himawari-8/AHI can provide near-real-time air quality monitoring over China with a high temporal resolution. Satellite-based aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieval over land is a challenge because of the large surface contribution to the top of atmosphere (TOA) signal and the uncertainty of aerosol modes. Here, by combining satellite TOA reflectance, sun-sensor geometries, meteorological factors and vegetation information, we propose a data-driven AOD detection algorithm based on a deep neural network (DNN) model for Himawari-8/AHI. It is trained by sample data of 2018 and 2019 and is applied to derive hourly AODs over China in 2020. By comparison with ground-based AERONET measurements, R2 for DNN-estimated AOD is up to 0.8702, which is much higher than that for the AHI AOD product with R2 = 0.4869. The hourly AOD results indicate that the DNN model has a good potential in improving the performance of AOD retrieval in the early morning and in the late afternoon, and the spatial distribution is reliable for capturing the variation of aerosol pollution on the regional scale. By analyzing different DNN modeling strategies, it is found that seasonal modeling can hardly increase the accuracy of AOD retrieval to a certain extent, and R2 increases from 0.7394 to 0.8168 when meteorological features, especially air pressure, are involved in the model training.
This paper presents a simulated annealing based computer package for multi-objective, VAr planning in large scale power systems-SAMVAR. This computer package has three distinct features. First, the optimal VAr planning is reformulated as a constrained, multi-objective, nondifferentiable optimization problem. The new formulation considers four different objective functions related to system investment, system operational efficiency, system security and system service quality. The new formulation also takes into consideration load, operation and contingency constraints. Second, it allows both the objective functions and equality and inequality constraints to be nondifferentiable; making the problem formulation more realistic. Third, the package employs a two-stage solution algorithm based on an extended simulated annealing technique and the epsilon -constraint method. The first-stage of the solution algorithm uses an extended simulated annealing technique to find a global, noninferior solution. The second-stage uses the simulated annealing technique to find the global optimal solution. A salient feature of SAMVAR is that it allows planners to find an acceptable, global noninferior solution for the VAr problem. Simulation results indicate that SAMVAR has the ability to handle the multi-objective VAr planning problem and meet with the planner's requirements.< >
<abstract><p>The equivalence between multi-transitive mean sensitivity and multi-transitive mean $ n $-sensitivity for linear dynamical systems was demonstrated in this study. Furthermore, this paper presented examples that highlighted the disparities among mean sensitivity, multi-transitive mean sensitivity, and syndetically multi-transitive mean sensitivity.</p></abstract>
Abstract Background Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ([ 18 F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has some limitations in diagnosis of Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Materials and methods Patients with histologically confirmed ICC who underwent both [ 18 F]FDG and 18 F-labeled fibroblast-activation protein inhibitors ([ 18 F]FAPI)-04 PET/CT were prospectively analyzed. The maximum standard uptake value (SUV max ), tumor-to-background ratio (TBR), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), [ 18 F]FAPI–avid tumor volume (FTV), total lesion fibroblast activation protein expression (TLF) were compared between the two modalities by paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann–Whitney U test, and McNemar’s test was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy between the two techniques. Results In total, 23 patients with 389 lesions were included. Compared to [ 18 F]FDG, [ 18 F]F-FAPI-04 PET/CT demonstrated a higher detection rate for intrahepatic lesions (86.3% vs. 78.2% P = 0.040), lymph node metastases (85.2% vs. 68.2%, P = 0.007), peritoneal metastases (100% vs. 93.8%), and bone metastases (100% vs. 70.5%, P < 0.001). [ 18 F]FAPI-04 PET showed higher SUV max , TBR and greater tumor burden values than [ 18 F]FDG PET in non-cholangitis intrahepatic lesions (SUV max : 8.7 vs. 6.4, P < 0.001; TBR: 8.0 vs. 3.5, P < 0.001; FTV vs. MTV: 41.3 vs. 12.4, P < 0.001; TLF vs. TLG: 223.5 vs. 57.0, P < 0.001), lymph node metastases (SUV max : 6.5 vs. 5.5, P = 0.042; TBR: 5.4 vs. 3.9, P < 0.001; FTV vs. MTV: 2.0 vs. 1.5, P = 0.026; TLF vs. TLG: 9.0 vs. 7.8 P = 0.024), and bone metastases (SUV max : 9.7 vs. 5.25, P < 0.001; TBR: 10.8 vs. 3.0, P < 0.001; TLF vs. TLG: 9.8 vs. 4.2, P < 0.001). However, [ 18 F]FDG showed higher radiotracer uptake (SUV max : 14.7 vs. 8.4, P < 0.001; TBR: 7.4 vs. 2.8, P < 0.001) than [ 18 F]FAPI-04 PET/CT for 6 patients with obstructive cholangitis. [ 18 F]FAPI-04 PET/CT yielded a change in planned therapy in 6 of 23 (26.1%) patients compared with [ 18 F]FDG. Conclusions [ 18 F]FAPI-04 PET/CT had higher detection rate and radiotracer uptake than [ 18 F]FDG PET/CT in intrahepatic lesions, lymph node metastases, and distant metastases, especially in bone. Therefore, [ 18 F]FAPI-04 PET/CT may be a promising technique for diagnosis and staging of ICC. Trial registration Clinical Trials, NCT05485792. Registered 1 August 2022, retrospectively registered, https//clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05485792?cond=NCT05485792&rank=1.
Objective:To explore the laboratory diagnostic methods in fetuses HBV infection and the cl inical significance.Methods: Serologic HBV marks (HBVM) and HBV DNA in blood of 156 HBsAg(+) pregnant women ,cord blood and peripheral blood of neonates were detected by enzyme linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) and fiuor esent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR). Results:H BsAg positive rate of cord blood and peripheral blood of the infants was 8.3% (1 3/156),6.4% (10/156),HBeAg positive rate was 7.1% (11/156), 5.1% (8/156) resp ectively. HBV DNA positive rate was 36.5% (57/156) in maternal blood,28.2% (44/1 56) in cord blood,23.7% (37/156) in infants blood .57 HBV DNA load of maternal b lood was (7.34±2.28),37 infants blood was (6.08±0.96),their HBV DNA were all p ositive;Comparing with peripheral venous blood sample,HBsAg and HBeAg in cord b lood existed false positive,HBV DNA existed 16.7% (7/42) false positive rate too ;When HBeAg(+) or HBV DNA(+) in mothers blood ,HBV DNA positive rate of their i nfants blood was 73.8% (31/42),64.9% (37/57) respectively,which was significantl y higher than mothers w ith HBeAg(-) or HBV DNA(-) ( P 0.01) .and it increased when HBV DNA load in mothers blood was increase d ( P 0.05),their HBV DNA load was positive correlated (r=0.39).Concl usions: Cord blood may be impured by maternal blood,so detection of infa nts peripheral blood is with significance of making correct diagnosis;HBV DNA qu antitative detection is regarded as a most direct,sensitive way in diagnosis of fetuese infection;HBeAg(+) or HBV DNA(+) in mothers is one of the high risk fact ors of intrauterine infection.
A novel algorithm for vehicle safety distance between driving cars for vehicle safety warning system is presented in this paper. The presented system concept includes a distance obstacle detection and safety distance calculation. The system detects the distance between the car and the in front of vehicles (obstacles) and uses the vehicle speed and other parameters to calculate the braking safety distance of the moving car. The system compares the obstacle distance and braking safety distance which are used to determine the moving vehicle's safety distance is enough or not. This paper focuses on the solution algorithm presentation.
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