W.R. Penrose

Illinois Institute of Technology

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Joseph R. Stetter

KWJ Engineering (United States)

S. Zaromb

Adventist Hinsdale Hospital

William Buttner

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

D.M. Nelson

Argonne National Laboratory

K.A. Orlandini

Argonne National Laboratory

T. Otagawa

Sensor Development (United States)

J.O. Stull

Douglas G. Walton

Fisheries and Oceans Canada

M.W. Findlay

KWJ Engineering (United States)

Zhen Cao

Weifang University

Cooperative Institutions

Argonne National Laboratory

Illinois Institute of Technology

Fisheries and Oceans Canada

Los Alamos National Laboratory

Sensors (United States)

University of Michigan–Ann Arbor

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Office of Scientific and Technical Information

University of Pennsylvania

University of Illinois Chicago

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Evaluating the efffectiveness of chemical parameter spectrometry in analyzing vapors of industrial chemicals

Joseph R. Stetter W.R. Penrose S. Zaromb D. Christian Dylan Hampton

The ability of chemical parameter spectrometry to identify individual vapors from among a set of 16 possible vapors was investigated. For a selected array, this has been accomplished 41 of 42 times or with 98% reliability. Also, the Euclidean distance reported by the instrument can give the user a measure of the reliability of an individual determination. A distance of 30 or less is indicative of a reliable identification and a near perfect match while distances larger than 100 give ambiguous data. Improvements are seen in the identification capability of an instrument by using arrays that are selected for specific problems and by using computer algorithms that obtain the maximum information from any individual array. 13 references, 10 tables.

Identification

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Portable microprocessor-controlled instrument for sensing, identifying, and monitoring gaseous chemicals

Egyptian Computer Science Journal (1984)

Joseph R. Stetter S. Zaromb W.R. Penrose

To protect US Coast Guard personnel from exposure to hazardous chemicals, we are developing a portable detector that responds promptly to many different compounds, identifies the detected compounds, and monitors their concentrations. One of the initial tasks was to select the detection method(s) most likely to meet the sponsor's objectives. Of the various methods considered, amperometric gas sensing offered the best prospects. One significant task was to extend the applicability of amperometric toxic-gas sensors to electrochemically inactive species. This was achieved by exposing the electrochemically inactive constituents to heated, noble-metal catalysts before introducing them to the amperometric sensor. This breakthrough laid the groundwork for development of a prototype instrument based on an array of four amperometric toxic gas sensors and two heated noble-metal filaments. The four sensors can be rapidly switched to one of several operating modes. In practice, four modes and four sensors yield 16 measured parameters (16 independent data channels).

Amperometry

Microprocessor

Noble metal

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A potentiostat based on a voltage-controlled current source for use with amperometric gas sensors

J.C. Fidler W.R. Penrose J.P. Bobis

The results of comparing two potentiostat designs are presented. One is based on conventional use of a current-to-voltage converter (CVC); the second is a new design which employs a voltage-controlled current source (VCCS). The performance of the two designs in the time and frequency domains and the signal-to-noise ratio have been characterized. In the VCCS-type potentiostat, instabilities created by the CVC are eliminated. The working electrode of the gas sensor can now be connected directly to ground, improving the signal-to-noise ratio when long cables are used. The VCCS is controlled by the error voltage developed by a difference amplifier that compares the sensor bias voltage between the difference and working electrodes to a preset reference voltage. The VCCS is used to drive the counter electrode to maintain this bias level. Since the error voltage is proportional to the current in the sensor, the error voltage provides a nonintrusive measurement of current.< >

Potentiostat

Biasing

Current source

SIGNAL (programming language)

10.1109/imtc.1991.161634

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Citations (22)

Still Kicking: Aging Performing Artists in NYC and LA Metro Areas: Information on Artists IV

Joan Jeffri Martin Y. Iguchi W.R. Penrose

10.7916/d8t72rpq

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Citations (5)

Purification and Properties of a Leucine-binding Protein from Escherichia coli

Journal of Biological Chemistry (1968)

W.R. Penrose George E. Nichoalds Jeanette R. Piperno Dale L. Oxender

Abstract A leucine-binding protein isolated from Escherichia coli K12 has been purified by DEAE-cellulose and hydroxylapatite cellulose chromatography and its chemical and physical properties were determined. The purified protein was crystallized by adding 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol. The crystalline protein was homogeneous as judged by polyacrylamide electrophoresis, ultracentrifugation, and immunodiffusion. A molecular weight of 24,000 (ultracentrifugation), 36,000 (gel filtration), and 34,000 (amino acid analysis) was obtained. Amino acid analyses showed a low content of sulfur-containing amino acids. This protein proved to be heat-stable and could be reversibly denatured by urea. A large number of analogues were tested and showed that the binding was highly specific for the l isomers of the branched chain amino acids. The constants for the dissociation of the amino acid-protein complexes were less than 1.0 µm. The binding activity was not greatly affected either by changes in pH or ionic strength. Antiserum inhibited binding activity of the protein but had no effect on transport in whole cells. The synthesis of leucine-binding protein and the transport of branched chain amino acids were repressed in cells grown on leucine.

10.1016/s0021-9258(18)94508-4

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Citations (156)

New sensor arrays and sampling systems for a modular electronic nose

Sensors and Actuators B Chemical (2000)

Joseph R. Stetter S Strathmann C.M McEntegart M Decastro W.R. Penrose

Electronic Nose

Sensor array

Chemical sensor

Separator (oil production)

Quartz Crystal Microbalance

10.1016/s0925-4005(00)00503-7

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Citations (36)

Electrochemical sensors for volatile nitrogen compounds in air. Final report to J&N Associates, Inc. from Illinois Institute of Technology, Re: Department of Energy Phase I STTR Project DOE No. DE-FG02-99ER86090

Joseph R. Stetter W.R. Penrose Sae-Won Roh

Air pollutant gases such as nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrous acid, and peroxyacetyl nitrate are commonly encountered in urban atmospheres. They constitute a nuisance to some, and a positive danger to others with such respiratory conditions as asthma and emphysema. It is known that exposure to these gases is a function of microenvironment, but monitoring of microenvironments is presently too uneconomical to be used except in rare cases, such as ''sick buildings''. Gas sensors that are small, sensitive, selective, and inexpensive are needed to make such monitoring practical. Many sensor types have apparently reached their technological development limit, but porous-electrode amperometric gas sensors have not been thoroughly explored for low-concentration applications. We have explored amperometric gas sensors of several types for lower detection limits to a series of nitrogen gases. Evidence gathered in this study indicates that greater sensitivity will be achieved by reducing the noise level of the working electrode, rather than increasing the output signal.

Nitrogen dioxide

Amperometry

Peroxyacetyl nitrate

Parts-per notation

10.2172/809440

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Data analysis for a hybrid sensor array

Sensors and Actuators B Chemical (2004)

L. Pardo L.G. Kwong Giorgio Sberveglieri Kaye L. Brubaker John F. Schneider

Electronic Nose

Sensor array

Chemical sensor

10.1016/j.snb.2004.05.045

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Citations (51)

PERSISTENCE OF NON-ALKANE COMPONENTS OF BUNKER C OIL IN BEACH SEDIMENTS OF CHEDABUCTO BAY, AND LACK OF THEIR METABOLISM BY MOLLUSCS.

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings (1977)

J. H. Vandermeulen Paul D. Keizer W.R. Penrose

ABSTRACT Analysis of cores from a continuously oiled beach shows that seven-year-old stranded Bunker C fuel oil re-entering the beach substrate is rapidly degraded. This weathering occurs throughout the top 15 cms of the beach sediments. The aromatic and cyclo-alkane components, however, appear resistant and unaltered. Thus the beach sediments act as effective n-alkane filters, but simultaneously become enriched with aromatic hydrocarbons. Bivalves from these oiled sediments, and from other non-oiled areas, were assayed for their ability to degrade aromatic hydrocarbons, and for their ability to respond to oil exposure by induced elevated levels of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH). Both non-oiled Mya arenaria, Mytilus edulis, and Ostrea edulis esposed to aquenous extracts of Kuwait crude and a Bunker C fuel oil, and M. arenaria and M. edulis from Arrow Bunker C oiled sediments lacked the AHH system, as shown by their inability to hydroxylate benzo(a)pyrene or demethylate 14C-imipramine. Discussion is centered on the implications of this metabolic inability to degrade aromatic hydrocarbons in bivalves residing in aromatic enriched sediments.

Alkane

10.7901/2169-3358-1977-1-469

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Citations (8)

The Electrochemical Sensor

ACS symposium series (1992)

Joseph R. Stetter W.R. Penrose G. Jordan Maclay William Buttner M.W. Findlay

Electrochemical gas sensors represent an expanding field of analytical chemistry. They are employed in instruments for chemical detection, and a wide variety of both portable and fixedsite toxic gas monitors exist today. These sensors have also found applications in monitoring industrial atmospheres, medical gases, process streams, and environmental pollution. Gas chromatographic instrumentation, ventilation controllers, energy management systems, automobile exhaust analyzers, safety alarms, personal exposure monitors, and analytical laboratory gas analyzers also utilize electrochemical sensors.

Electrochemical gas sensor

Instrumentation

10.1021/bk-1992-0508.ch010

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Citations (2)