Body weight and abdominal fat traits are complex and important economic traits that may benefit from the implementation of MAS. The objective of the current study was to identify QTL associated with BW and abdominal fat traits. The Northeast Agricultural University resource population was used in the current study. Body weight and abdominal fat weight were measured in the F2 population. A total of 369 F2 individuals produced from 4 F1 families, their parents, and F0 birds were genotyped by 23 fluorescent microsatellite markers on chromosome 1. A linkage map was constructed, and interval mapping was conducted to identify putative QTL. For BW, 10 QTL were identified at the 1% chromosome wide level, and these 10 QTL were grouped to 3 different regions; 2 QTL were identified at the 5% chromosome wide level, and these 2 QTL were grouped to 2 different regions; and 5 QTL were identified at the suggestive level, and these 5 QTL were grouped to 4 different regions. For the abdominal fat traits, 1 QTL was identified at the 1% chromosome wide level, 1 QTL was identified at the 5% chromosome wide level, and 2 QTL were identified at the suggestive level. The QTL for BW at 12 wk of age explained 13.51% of the phenotypic variance, and 2 QTL for abdominal fat weight explained 2.53 and 3.97% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. The present study identified chromosome regions harboring significant QTL affecting BW and abdominal fat traits. The results provide a useful reference for further candidate gene research and MAS for BW and abdominal fat traits.
Cite this as: S. Zhang, X. Liu, J. S. Kim, F. Ouyang, B. Wang, Z. Li, G. Tang, X. Liu, X. Xu, J. A. Pongracic and X. Wang, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 547–555. Summary Background Both long and short sleep duration have been associated with obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. However, there have been no previous studies investigating the potential relationship between altered sleep duration and allergen sensitization. Objective To explore the association between sleep duration and sensitization to food and aeroallergens. Methods This study includes 1534 rural Chinese adolescent twins aged 12–21 years who completed standard sleep questionnaires and skin prick tests (SPTs) to nine food and five aeroallergens. Total sleep time was defined as the interval from bedtime to wake‐up time minus sleep latency. Sensitization was defined as having at least one positive SPT. Results Compared with individuals with the highest (third) tertile of sleep duration, those who slept less were more likely to be sensitized to any food allergen with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.9 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3–2.7] and 1.4 (95% CI: 1.0–1.9) for the first and second tertiles (trend test P trend =3 × 10 −4 ), respectively. The corresponding ORs for sensitization to any aeroallergen were 1.5 (95% CI: 1.1–2.0) and 1.3 (95% CI: 1.0–1.7) ( P trend =8 × 10 −3 ). These associations were independent of percent body fat. In addition, we observed a significant dose–response association between the number of positive SPTs and percentage of shortest sleep duration (first tertile) ( P trend =1 × 10 −3 ). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance In this sample of relatively lean rural Chinese adolescents, we found that short sleep duration was associated with increasing risk of sensitization to food and aeroallergens, independent of percent body fat. Longitudinal studies are needed to further determine the temporal and causal relationships. If short sleep duration indeed is one of the risk factors for allergic sensitization, the global burden of allergic diseases could be dramatically reduced by providing appropriate guidance on sleep duration for youth.
More than 80% of the world's populations are at risk of vector-borne diseases, with mosquito-borne diseases as a significant global public health problem. Mosquito populations control is critical to interrupting the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases. This review summarizes the physical attributes, smell, vision, touch, and hearing of mosquitoes to unravel the preferences of female mosquitoes, and describes the mechanisms underlying the best male mating by female mosquitoes, so as to provide new insights into management of mosquito-borne diseases.
Cucumber Fusarium wilt is an important soil-borne disease that restricts cucumber production in all areas of the world.To explore the preventive effects of Cleome spinosa on cucumber Fusarium wilt, five different doses of Cleome spinosa powder including 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 g/dish were applied to cucumber plant infected with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumarinum at Northeast Agricultural University.The data thus collected on various parameters were subjected to oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA) under Completely Randomized Design (CRD).The difference in treatment means were separated using Duncan's Multiple Range (DMR) Test.A 100% inhibition rate on F. oxysporum mycelium was achieved when the dose of C. spinosa powder rose to 0.3 or 0.4 g/dish.As the concentration of the Cleome spinosa extract increased, the inhibitory effects on diameters and dry weight of mycelium also increased.Median inhibitory concentration of C. spinosa on mycelium was was 45.12 mg mL -1 .Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified twenty-one sorts of volatile constituents of Cleome spinosa, including heterocyclic compounds, alcohol, chromene, ester, acid and long chain alkanes.Twelve components of F. oxysporum were extracted by fumigation.Among those components, paeonol, linalool and theaspirane had antimicrobial activities against F. oxysporum, with inhibition rates of 73.9%, 75.9% and 80.4%, respectively.However, tetradecyl-oxirane, tetracosane, heptacosane, 3-ethyl-2-hydroxy-2cyclopenten-1-one, octacosane, 1,1,4A-trimethyl-3,4,4A,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-2-one,6,10,14-trimethyl-2pentadecanone, methyl alpha-linolenate and pentatriacont-17-ene had no inhibitory effect against F. oxysporum.Those results suggested that the components of Cleome spinosa powder could effectively restrain cucumber Fusarium wilt.
Is there an association between low-to-moderate levels of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and children's facial shape?PAE before and during pregnancy, even at low level (<12 g of alcohol per week), was found associated with the facial shape of children, and these associations were found attenuated as children grow older.High levels of PAE during pregnancy can have significant adverse associations with a child's health development resulting in recognizably abnormal facial development.This study was based on the Generation R Study, a prospective cohort from fetal life onwards with maternal and offspring data. We analyzed children 3-dimensional (3D) facial images taken at ages 9 (n = 3149) and 13 years (n = 2477) together with the data of maternal alcohol consumption.We defined six levels of PAE based on the frequency and dose of alcohol consumption and defined three tiers based on the timing of alcohol exposure of the unborn child. For the image analysis, we used 3D graph convolutional networks for non-linear dimensionality reduction, which compressed the high-dimensional images into 200 traits representing facial morphology. These 200 traits were used for statistical analysis to search for associations with PAE. Finally, we generated heatmaps to display the facial phenotypes associated with PAE.The results of the linear regression in the 9-year-old children survived correction for multiple testing with false discovery rate (FDR). In Tier 1 where we examined PAE only before pregnancy (exposed N = 278, unexposed N = 760), we found three traits survived FDR correction. The lowest FDR-P is 1.7e-05 (beta = 0.021, SE = 0.0040) in Trait #29; In Tier 2b where we examine any PAE during first trimester (exposed N = 756; unexposed N = 760), we found eight traits survived FDR correction. The lowest FDR-P is 9.0e-03 (beta = -0.013, SE = 0.0033) in Trait #139. Moreover, more statistically significant facial traits were found in higher levels of PAE. No FDR-significant results were found in the 13-year-old children. We map these significant traits back to the face, and found the most common detected facial phenotypes included turned-up nose tip, shortened nose, turned-out chin, and turned-in lower-eyelid-related regions.We had no data for alcohol consumption more than three months prior to pregnancy and thus do not know if maternal drinking had chronic effects. The self-reported questionnaire might not reflect accurate alcohol measurements because mothers may have denied their alcohol consumption.Our results imply that facial morphology, such as quantified by the approach we proposed here, can be used as a biomarker in further investigations. Furthermore, our study suggests that for women who are pregnant or want to become pregnant soon, should quit alcohol consumption several months before conception and completely during pregnancy to avoid adverse health outcomes in the offspring.This work was supported by Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Erasmus University Rotterdam, and the Netherlands Organization for Health Research. V.W.V.J. reports receipt of funding from the Netherlands Organization for Health Research (ZonMw 90700303). W.J.N. is a founder, a scientific lead, and a shareholder of Quantib BV.N/A.
The objective of this study is to examine the incidence and risk factors for pancreatic cancer among younger adults aged 15-49 years old using global and national cancer registry data.
Methods
We retrieved the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) 2020 for age-standardised incidence (ASI) per 100 000 of pancreatic cancer among younger individuals from 185 countries. We estimated the prevalence of various risk factors among the younger adults for each country by joinpoint regression. We performed the multivariable linear regression to test the associations between risk factors and incidence whilst adjusting for the human development index (HDI) and gross domestic products (GDP).
Results
The total number of new cases of young-onset pancreatic cancer was 27 210, with an ASI of 0.68 in 2020 (IDDF2021-ABS-0184 Figure 1. Global incidence of young-onset pancreatic cancer in 2020). The highest ASI was in males (0.85 vs. 0.50 in females); Central and Eastern Europe (1.4), Northern America (1.3), Western Europe (1.2); and countries of High Income (1.1) and Upper-Middle Income (0.75). Nations with a higher incidence of young-onset pancreatic cancer had a higher prevalence of tobacco use (beta coefficients (β)=0.021, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.012-0.030), alcohol consumption (β=0.037, CI 0.024-0.051), unhealthy dietary habits (β=0.014, CI 0.008-0.019), hypertension (β=0.018, CI 0.007-0.029), and high cholesterol (β=0.019, CI 0.011-0.026) among the young population.
Conclusions
The burden of young-onset pancreatic cancer was notable in 2020, with higher incidence observed in male subjects and more developed regions. The associated risk factors for young-onset pancreatic cancer were tobacco use, alcohol consumption, unhealthy dietary habits, hypertension, and high cholesterol. To prevent young-onset pancreatic cancer, lifestyle modifications, metabolic diseases management, and early detection by screening among high-risk young individuals could be useful strategies.
The specialty of art design is a speciality that demands much practice.In order to reach the cultivation target and cultivate people with ability who can adapt to the market need,the article argues that reform in these aspects are necessary: the curriculum system,teaching content,subject feature and practice teaching etc.
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(144 450 300)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(216 450 300)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(288 450 300)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)