This paper discusses several ways to implement quality education in mathematics teaching from the aspects of paying attention to the teaching process of knowledge occurrence, strengthening the guidance of learning method, cultivating students' spirit of conscious exploration, and improving students' mathematical quality with transforming ideas.
Abstract A new type of plasmonic anti‐counterfeiting labels is designed on the basis of Au@SiO 2 core–shell nanoparticles (Au@SiO 2 NPs) and electrospun fibers. The fingerprint information of Raman active molecules is amplified by the plasmonic Au nanoparticles, and silica layers endow the stability of encoding information. Electrospun fibers with unordered breathable structure play the role of polymer matrix and own the flexible features. Au@SiO 2 NPs are first adsorbed on the surface of poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PMMA/P4VP) fibers by noncovalent interactions, and then are decorated in/on the fibers by controlling the temperature. That is, when the temperature is higher than the glass transition temperature ( T g ) of polymer matrix, partial Au@SiO 2 NPs are embedded in the PMMA/P4VP fibers. The composite fibers based on the Au@SiO 2 and PMMA/P4VP fibers are fabricated, and the signals of Raman active molecules are amplified in the Au@SiO 2 /PMMA/P4VP fibers. The peak positions and intensity of spectra from surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy are transferred into plasmonic anti‐counterfeiting labels with different spaces and widths. The anti‐counterfeiting labels are further encrypted into quick response (QR) codes and decrypted by the smartphone. The QR codes are difficult to copy and easy to authenticate, and composite fibers possess superior stability and show potential application in the field of anti‐counterfeiting.
Neuroinflammation is considered to have a prominent role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, and modulating microglia activation is a promising strategy to prevent AD. Essential oil of Jasminum grandiflorum L. flowers is commonly used in folk medicine for the relief of mental pressure and disorders, and analyzing the volatile compound profiles and evaluating the inhibitory effects of J. grandiflorum L. essential oil (JGEO) on the excessive activation of microglia are valuable for its application. This study aims to explore the potential active compounds in JGEO for treating AD by inhibiting microglia activation-integrated network pharmacology, molecular docking, and the microglia model. A headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry procedure was used to analyze the volatile characteristics of the compounds in J. grandiflorum L. flowers at 50°C, 70°C, 90°C, and 100°C for 50 min, respectively. A network pharmacological analysis and molecular docking were used to predict the key compounds, key targets, and binding energies based on the detected compounds in JGEO. In the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 cell model, the cells were treated with 100 ng/mL of LPS and JGEO at 7.5, 15.0, and 30 μg/mL, and then, the morphological changes, the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species, and the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 of BV-2 cells were analyzed. A total of 34 compounds with significantly different volatilities were identified. α-Hexylcinnamaldehyde, nerolidol, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, dodecanal, and decanal were predicted as the top five key compounds, and SRC, EGFR, VEGFA, HSP90AA1, and ESR1 were the top five key targets. In addition, the binding energies between them were less than -3.9 kcal/mol. BV-2 cells were activated by LPS with morphological changes, and JGEO not only could clearly reverse the changes but also significantly inhibited the production of NO and reactive oxygen species and suppressed the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1. The findings indicate that JGEO could inhibit the overactivation of microglia characterized by decreasing the neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress responses through the multi-compound and multi-target action modes, which support the traditional use of JGEO in treating neuroinflammation-related disorders.
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