To establish a new method for evaluating the brain maturation of preterm infants based on the features of electroencephalographic activity.A prospective study was conducted on the video electroencephalography (vEEG) and amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) recordings within 7 days after birth of preterm infants who had a postmenstrual age (PMA) of 25-36 weeks and met the inclusion criteria. The background activity of aEEG+conventional electroencephalography (cEEG) was scored according to the features of brain maturation as a new evaluation system and was compared with the aEEG evaluation system. The correlations of the evaluation results of the two methods with gestational age (GA), PMA, and head circumference were evaluated. The intervals of the total scores of aEEG+cEEG and aEEG were calculated for preterm infants with different PMAs and were compared between groups. The consistency of the new scoring system was evaluated among different raters.A total of 52 preterm infants were included. The total scores of aEEG+cEEG and aEEG were positively correlated with GA, PMA, and head circumference (P<0.05), and the correlation coefficient between the total scores of the two systems and PMA and GA was >0.9. The normal score intervals for aEEG+cEEG and aEEG scoring systems were determined in preterm infants with different PMAs as follows: infants with a PMA of less than 28 weeks had scores of 13.0 (11.0, 14.0) points for aEEG+cEEG and 6.0 (4.0, 7.0) points for aEEG; infants with a PMA between 28 and 29+6 weeks had scores of 16.0 (14.5, 17.0) points for aEEG+cEEG and 8.0 (6.0, 8.0) points for aEEG; infants with a PMA between 30 and 31+6 weeks had scores of 18.0 (17.0, 21.0) points for aEEG+cEEG and 9.0 (8.0, 10.0) points for aEEG; infants with between 32 and 33+6 weeks had scores of 22.0 (20.0, 24.5) points for aEEG+cEEG and 10.0 (10.0, 10.8) points for aEEG; infants with a PMA between 34 and 36 weeks had scores of 26.0 (24.5, 27.5) points for aEEG+cEEG and 11.0 (10.0, 12.0) points for aEEG. There were significant differences in the total scores of aEEG+cEEG and aEEG among the different PMA groups (P<0.05). There was a high consistency between different raters when using the scoring system to evaluate the brain maturation of preterm infants (κ=0.86).The aEEG+cEEG scoring system established in this study can quantitatively reflect the brain maturation of preterm infants, with a good discriminatory ability between preterm infants with different PMAs and high consistency between different raters.目的: 基于早产儿脑电活动特征建立一种新的早产儿脑电成熟度评价方法。方法: 前瞻性收集经后龄（postmenstrual age，PMA）25~36周符合纳入标准的早产儿生后7 d内视频脑电图和同步振幅整合脑电图（amplitude-integrated electroencephalography，aEEG）的监测资料。将aEEG与常规脑电图（conventional electroencephalography，cEEG）背景活动指标（aEEG+cEEG）按发育成熟规律赋分作为新的评价体系，并与单一aEEG评价方法比较，分析二者与胎龄（gestational age，GA）、PMA、头围的相关性。计算不同PMA早产儿aEEG+cEEG总分和aEEG总分的分值区间，比较组间差异。在不同评价者之间对新评分体系进行一致性分析。结果: 共纳入52例早产儿。aEEG+cEEG总分、aEEG总分分别与GA、PMA、头围呈显著正相关（均P<0.05），与PMA和GA的相关系数均>0.9。aEEG+cEEG评价方法和单一aEEG评价方法在不同PMA早产儿中正常分值区间分别为：<28周组为13.0（11.0，14.0）、6.0（4.0，7.0）分，28~29+6周组为16.0（14.5，17.0）、8.0（6.0，8.0）分，30~31+6周组为18.0（17.0，21.0）、9.0（8.0，10.0）分，32~33+6周组为22.0（20.0，24.5）、10.0（10.0，10.8）分，34~36周组为26.0（24.5，27.5）、11.0（10.0，12.0）分。不同PMA早产儿组间aEEG+cEEG总分和aEEG总分差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。不同评价者之间应用该评分体系进行早产儿成熟度评价时一致性高（κ=0.86）。结论: 该研究所建立的脑电评分体系可以定量反映早产儿脑电发育的成熟度，不同PMA组间有很好的区分度，在不同评价者之间应用一致性高。.
To study the correlation of electroencephalogram (EEG) background evolution with the degree of brain injury in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).A retrospective analysis was performed for 56 neonates with HIE who underwent continuous video electroencephalogram (cVEEG) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. According to clinical symptoms, they were divided into a mild group with 3 neonates, a moderate group with 36 neonates, and a severe group with 17 neonates. EEG background grading and MRI score were determined for each group to analyze the correlation of EEG background evolution with the degree of brain injury.Compared with the moderate group, the severe group had significantly lower gestational age and Apgar score at 5 minutes after birth, a significantly higher resuscitation score, significantly lower base excess in umbilical cord blood or blood gas within 1 hour, a significantly higher proportion of neonates on mechanical ventilation, and a significantly higher incidence rate of short-term adverse outcomes (P<0.05). For the neonates in the mild and moderate groups, MRI mainly showed no brain injury (67%, 2/3) and watershed injury (67%, 16/24) respectively, and EEG showed mild abnormality in 62% (13/21) of the neonates on the 3rd day after birth. For the neonates in the severe group, MRI mainly showed basal ganglia/thalamus + brainstem injury (24%, 4/17) and whole brain injury (71%, 12/17), and EEG showed moderate or severe abnormalities on the 3rd day after birth. EEG background grading was correlated with clinical grading, MRI score, and short-term outcome on days 1, 2, 3 and 7-14 after birth (P<0.01). The highest correlation coefficient between EEG grading and MRI score was observed on the 3rd day after birth (rs=0.751, P<0.001), and the highest correlation coefficients between EEG grading and clinical grading (rs=0.592, P=0.002) and between EEG grading and short-term outcome (rs=0.737, P<0.001) were observed 7-14 days after birth. Among the neonates with severe abnormal EEG, the neonates without brain electrical activity had the highest MRI score, followed by those with status epileptics and persistent low voltage (P<0.05).There is a good correlation between EEG background grading and degree of brain injury in neonates with HIE, which can help to evaluate the degree and prognosis of brain injury in the early stage.目的: 探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy，HIE）患儿脑电图（electroencephalogram，EEG）背景演变与脑损伤程度之间的相关性。方法: 回顾性研究56例确诊为HIE并完善了连续视频脑电监测（continuous video electroencephalogram，cVEEG）与头部磁共振（magnetic resonance imaging，MRI）的患儿，根据临床症状分为轻度组（3例）、中度组（36例）、重度组（17例），各组进行EEG背景分度及MRI脑损伤评分，分析EEG背景演变与脑损伤程度之间的关系。结果: 与中度组患儿相比，重度组胎龄小、生后5 min Apgar评分低、复苏评分高、脐动脉血或生后1 h内动脉血剩余碱低、机械通气比例高及短期不良结局发生率高（P<0.05）。轻中度组患儿头部MRI以无脑损伤（67%，2/3）和分水岭区损伤（67%，16/24）为主，62%（13/21）EEG在生后第3天内改善至轻度异常；重度组患儿头部MRI以基底节/丘脑+脑干（24%，4/17）和全脑型损伤（71%，12/17）为主，至生后第3天仍均为中重度异常。在生后第1天、第2天、第3天及第7~14天4个时间段EEG背景分度与临床症状分度、MRI评分及短期结局均具有相关性（P<0.01）。EEG分度与MRI评分的相关系数在生后第3天最高（rs=0.751，P<0.001），与临床症状分度（rs=0.592，P=0.002）及短期结局（rs=0.737，P<0.001）的相关系数在生后第7~14天最高；重度异常EEG患儿中无脑电活动者MRI评分最高，惊厥持续状态者次之，持续低电压者最低，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论: HIE患儿的EEG背景分度与脑损伤程度之间有良好的相关性，可帮助早期评估脑损伤程度及预后。.
To explore a new method for electroencephalography (EEG) background analysis in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and its relationship with clinical grading and head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) grading.A retrospective analysis was performed for the video electroencephalography (vEEG) and amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) monitoring data within 24 hours after birth of neonates diagnosed with HIE from January 2016 to August 2022. All items of EEG background analysis were enrolled into an assessment system and were scored according to severity to obtain the total EEG score. The correlations of total EEG score with total MRI score and total Sarnat score (TSS, used to evaluate clinical gradings) were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. The total EEG score was compared among the neonates with different clinical gradings and among the neonates with different head MRI gradings. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under thecurve (AUC) were used to evaluate the value of total EEG score in diagnosing moderate/severe head MRI abnormalities and clinical moderate/severe HIE, which was then compared with the aEEG grading method.A total of 50 neonates with HIE were included. The total EEG score was positively correlated with the total head MRI score and TSS (rs=0.840 and 0.611 respectively, P<0.001). There were significant differences in the total EEG score between different clinical grading groups and different head MRI grading groups (P<0.05). The total EEG score and the aEEG grading method had an AUC of 0.936 and 0.617 respectively in judging moderate/severe head MRI abnormalities (P<0.01) and an AUC of 0.887 and 0.796 respectively in judging clinical moderate/severe HIE (P>0.05). The total EEG scores of ≤6 points, 7-13 points, and ≥14 points were defined as mild, moderate, and severe EEG abnormalities respectively, which had the best consistency with clinical grading and head MRI grading (P<0.05).The new EEG background scoring method can quantitatively reflect the severity of brain injury and can be used for the judgment of brain function in neonates with HIE.目的: 探讨一种新的新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（hypoxic-ischemic encephaloapthy，HIE）脑电背景评价方法，以及其与临床分度和头部磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging，MRI）分度的关系。方法: 回顾性分析2016年1月—2022年8月诊断为HIE患儿的出生24 h内视频脑电图（video electroencephalography，vEEG）和同步振幅整合脑电图（amplitude-integrated electroencephalography，aEEG）的监测资料。将脑电背景分析有关项目全部纳入评估系统，按严重程度分层赋分，汇总得到脑电图（electroencephalography，EEG）总分。对EEG总分与头部MRI总分和Sarnat总分（total Sarnat score，TSS；用于评估临床分度）做相关分析。比较不同临床分度组和不同头部MRI分度组间EEG总分是否存在差异。采用受试者工作特征曲线的曲线下面积（area under the curve，AUC）评估EEG总分法对头部MRI中-重度异常和临床中-重度异常的诊断价值，并与aEEG分度法相比较。结果: 共收集50例HIE患儿。EEG总分与头部MRI总分、TSS均呈正相关（分别rs=0.840、0.611，P<0.001）。不同临床分度组和不同头部MRI分度组间EEG总分比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。EEG总分法和aEEG分度法判断头部MRI中-重度异常的AUC分别为0.936和0.617（P<0.01），判断临床中-重度异常的AUC分别为0.887和0.796（P>0.05）。界定EEG总分≤6分、7~13分、≥14分分别为EEG轻度、中度和重度异常，与临床分度和头部MRI分度一致性最佳（P<0.05）。结论: 新的脑电背景评分方法可以定量化反映脑损伤的严重程度，适用于新生儿HIE的脑功能判断。.
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