Background: Fog computing paradigm has recently emerged and gained higher attention in present era of Internet of Things. The growth of large number of devices all around, leads to the situation of flow of packets everywhere on the Internet. To overcome this situation and to provide computations at network edge, fog computing is the need of present time that enhances traffic management and avoids critical situations of jam, congestion etc. Methods: For research purposes, there are many methods to implement the scenarios of fog computing i.e. real-time implementation, implementation using emulators, implementation using simulators etc. The present study aims to describe the various simulation and emulation tools for implementing fog computing scenarios. Results: Review shows that iFogSim is the simulator that most of the researchers use in their research work. Among emulators, EmuFog is being used at higher pace than other available emulators. This might be due to ease of implementation and user-friendly nature of these tools and language these tools are based upon. The use of such tools enhance better research experience and leads to improved quality of service parameters (like bandwidth, network, security etc.). Conclusion: There are many fog computing simulators/emulators based on many different platforms that uses different programming languages. The paper concludes that the two main simulation and emulation tools in the area of fog computing are iFogSim and EmuFog. Accessibility of these simulation/emulation tools enhance better research experience and leads to improved quality of service parameters along with the ease of their usage.
Systemic sclerosis is a rare, complex, and chronic multisystem disease. Scleroderma means hard and thick skin. It is derived from the ancient Greek words skleros, which means (hard) and derma, which means (skin). Skin involvement is one of the features of systemic sclerosis (SSc). The hallmark features of systemic sclerosis include immune dysregulation with inflammation, vascular injury with an anatomic and functional abnormality, and systemic interstitial fibrosis of organs and skin, leading to multisystem organ damage. Cardiac involvement is well recognized in systemic sclerosis, which can affect the pericardium, the myocardium, and the conduction system. Primary cardiac disease is reported in both diffuse and limited systemic sclerosis. However, it was found to be more prevalent and more severe in diffuse systemic sclerosis.
The objectives of the present work are to examine the combined effect of engine operating and injection parameters and to optimise these parameters for better fuel economy, performance, and reduced emissions. The fuels used were diesel and biodiesel blends of Jatropha and Karanja biodiesel. The results indicate that diesel gives higher thermal efficiency at low loads, however, the 20% jatropha blend was slightly more efficient, at high loads. It was observed that the BSFC increases when the EGR is varied from 0% to 20%. Even though the smoke opacity increases with increased EGR, advanced injection at 28o BTDC decreases smoke. Increased EGR also reduced NOx emissions by up to 11%. Blending also has a significant impact on the output parameters. Taguchi analysis was applied to optimise the performance and emission characteristics of the diesel engine and set of input values were obtained for the optimum performance under different conditions.
This review paper explores the integration of Arduino control and aerodynamic principles to enhance the performance of 6 Degrees of Freedom (DOF) robotic arms. Robotic arms have become indispensable in numerous industries, requiring increased precision, efficiency, and adaptability. By leveraging the capabilities of Arduino microcontrollers and incorporating aerodynamic principles, researchers and engineers can optimize the design, control algorithms, and energy efficiency of robotic arms. This paper provides an overview of Arduino control and its advantages for robotic arm control, as well as an exploration of aerodynamic principles applicable to robotic arm systems. It investigates the potential benefits of integrating Arduino control and aerodynamics, such as improved stability, reduced energy consumption, and enhanced speed. Challenges and limitations of the proposed approach are also discussed. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature, case studies, and experimental results, this paper highlights the effectiveness of integrating Arduino control and aerodynamic principles to enhance the performance of 6 DOF robotic arms. The findings contribute to the advancement of robotic arm technology and offer insights for future research and development in this field.
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