Abstract Objectives This prospective clinical study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and 1‐year clinical follow‐up performance of dental implant placement with an autonomous dental implant robot (ADIR) system in full‐arch implant surgery. Materials and Methods Twelve patients with edentulous arches or final dentition received 102 implants using the ADIR system. Global platform deviation, global apex deviation, and global angular deviation between the planned and actual implants were calculated after surgery. Data were statistically analyzed for factors including jaws, implant positions, patient sequences, implant systems, and implant length. Surgery duration was recorded. Patients were followed for 3 months and 1 year after surgery. Periodontal parameters, buccal bone thickness (BBT), and facial vertical bone wall peak (IP‐FC) were recorded. Results Among the 102 implants, the mean (SD) global platform deviation, global apex deviation, and global angular deviation were 0.53 (0.19) mm, 0.58 (0.17) mm, and 1.83 (0.82)°, respectively. The deviation differences between the mandible and maxilla did not show statistical significance ( p > .05). No statistically significant differences were found for the jaws, implant positions, patient sequences, implant systems, and implant length to the deviations ( p > .05). The periodontal parameters, the BBT, and IP‐FC remained stable during 1‐year follow‐up. Conclusion The ADIR system showed excellent positional accuracy. The 1‐year follow‐up after full‐arch implant surgery indicated that the ADIR system could achieve promising clinical performance. Additional clinical evidence is requisite to furnish guidelines for the implementation of the ADIR system in full‐arch implant surgery.
The dysregulation of immune system plays a crucial function in periodontitis development. Pro‐inflammatory cytokines are thought to be critical for the generation and development of periodontitis. The enhanced activity of osteoclasts contributes to periodontitis pathogenesis. Nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling pathway directly enhances osteoclast differentiation and maturation. 2‐[(aminocarbonyl)amino]‐5‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐3‐thiophenecarboxamide (TPCA‐1) is a IκB kinases (IKK) inhibitor. This research aimed to investigate whether TPCA‐1 had influence on the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis. Mouse chronic periodontitis was induced by an in vivo ligature‐induced periodontitis model. TPCA‐1 was intravenously injected into mice after chronic periodontitis induction. Bone marrow‐derived macrophages were cultured in macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF)‐conditioned media with receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand (RANKL) induce in vitro osteoclast differentiation. Western blot was used to analyze protein levels and mRNA levels were analyzed through qRT‐PCR. TPCA‐1 promoted osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast‐related gene expression in vitro. The production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in osteoclasts induced by lipopolysaccharides was inhibited by TPCA‐1 in vitro. In vitro TPCA‐1 treatment inhibited Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a)‐induced expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and NF‐κB signal activation in osteoclasts. The induction of chronic periodontitis was inhibited by the absence of IKKb in mice. This research demonstrates that the treatment of TPCA‐1 negatively regulates inflammation response and inhibits the osteoclastogenesis through the inactivation of NF‐κB pathway in mouse chronic periodontitis model.
The loss of midface structures always leads to significant functional and cosmetic deficits, and the reconstruction work remains a challenge for surgeons. We report a rare case with severe midfacial defects involving the maxilla, nasal bone, and zygoma. This patient was treated with a comprehensive approach that included distraction osteogenesis, computer-aided surgery, a fibula bone graft, dental implantation, orthognathic surgery, and rhinoplasty. The treatment procedures required 4 years to complete, and a dramatically improved facial contour and stable occlusion were achieved. The results demonstrated the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and computer-aided design when treating severe maxillofacial deformities. Other important elements of the treatment process were the meticulous physical examination, the selection of an optimal treatment sequence, the skill of the surgeons, and more importantly, the patient-oriented mindset.
Abstract Accurate segmentation of oral surgery-related tissues from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images can significantly accelerate treatment planning and improve surgical accuracy. In this paper, we propose a fully automated tissue segmentation system for dental implant surgery. Specifically, we propose an image preprocessing method based on data distribution histograms, which can adaptively process CBCT images with different parameters. Based on this, we use the bone segmentation network to obtain the segmentation results of alveolar bone, teeth, and maxillary sinus. We use the tooth and mandibular regions as the ROI regions of tooth segmentation and mandibular nerve tube segmentation to achieve the corresponding tasks. The tooth segmentation results can obtain the order information of the dentition. The corresponding experimental results show that our method can achieve higher segmentation accuracy and efficiency compared to existing methods. Its average Dice scores on the tooth, alveolar bone, maxillary sinus, and mandibular canal segmentation tasks were 96.5%, 95.4%, 93.6%, and 94.8%, respectively. These results demonstrate that it can accelerate the development of digital dentistry.
Vitamin D plays a crucial role in oral health, and its deficiency is associated to significant changes in oral health diseases. We aimed to explore the relationship between levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) and dental caries in children.Four electronic databases were searched by two investigators including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Dental caries results were presented as either prevalence or based on the index of primary and permanent teeth/surfaces with decaying, missing, and filled areas, while vitamin D levels were determined through laboratory testing. Two researchers independently selected studies, collected information, assessed risk of bias, and evaluated the study quality. Any disagreements were resolved through discussion.A total of 13 studies were included, comprising 5 cross-sectional studies, 5 cohort studies, 3 case-control studies, all of which had high methodological quality. Our meta-analysis showed that children with vitamin D deficiency had a 22% higher risk of dental caries than those with normal vitamin D levels, with a relative risk (RR) of 1.22 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.18 to 1. 25. Further subgroup analysis according to the three types of studies showed that the risk of dental caries in children with vitamin D deficiency was higher than that in normal vitamin D level group (cohort studies: 62%; cross-sectional studies, 19%; and case-control studies, 5%). Additionally, according to age, subgroup analysis also showed that the risk of dental caries in children with vitamin D deficiency was higher than that in normal vitamin D level group (permanent teeth studies, 28%; deciduous teeth studies, 68%; and mixed dentition studies 8%).Levels of 25 (OH) D have been found negatively associated with dental caries in children, indicating that low vitamin D levels may be considered a potential risk factor to this dental disease.
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