Valeria Rizza

Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research

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Giorgio Buonanno

Università degli studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale

Luca Stabile

Università degli studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale

Francesco Petracchini

Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research

Marco Torre

University of Messina

Lidia Morawska

Queensland University of Technology

Paolo Fazzini

National Research Council

Mauro Scungio

Università degli Studi della Tuscia

Mandana Mazaheri

Concordia University

Patrizio Tratzi

National Research Council

Aldo Russi

Università degli studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale

Cooperative Institutions

Università degli studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale

Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research

National Research Council

Queensland University of Technology

Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

University of Naples Federico II

University of Turin

Centre for Safe Air

Peking University

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Effects of deployment of electric vehicles on air quality in the urban area of Turin (Italy)

Journal of Environmental Management (2021)

Valeria Rizza Marco Torre Patrizio Tratzi Paolo Fazzini Laura Tomassetti

Urban area

10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113416

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Citations (30)

Effects of Smart Traffic Signal Control on Air Quality

arXiv (Cornell University) (2021)

Paolo Fazzini Marco Torre Valeria Rizza Francesco Petracchini

Adaptive traffic signal control (ATSC) in urban traffic networks poses a challenging task due to the complicated dynamics arising in traffic systems. In recent years, several approaches based on multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MARL) have been studied experimentally. These approaches propose distributed techniques in which each signalized intersection is seen as an agent in a stochastic game whose purpose is to optimize the flow of vehicles in its vicinity. In this setting, the systems evolves towards an equilibrium among the agents that shows beneficial for the whole traffic network. A recently developed multi-agent variant of the well-established advantage actor-critic (A2C) algorithm, called MA2C (multi-agent A2C) exploits the promising idea of some communication among the agents. In this view,the agents share their strategies with other neighbor agents, thereby stabilizing the learning process even when the agents grow in number and variety. We experimented MA2C in two traffic networks located in Bologna (Italy) and found that its action translates into a significant decrease of the amount of pollutants released into the environment.

10.48550/arxiv.2107.02361

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Effects of the exposure to ultrafine particles on heart rate in a healthy population

The Science of The Total Environment (2018)

Valeria Rizza Luca Stabile Domenico Vistocco Aldo Russi Stefano Pardi

Ultrafine particle

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.385

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Citations (33)

Evaluation of air quality and mobility policies in 14 large Italian cities from 2006 to 2016

Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A (2020)

Laura Tomassetti Marco Torre Patrizio Tratzi Valerio Paolini Valeria Rizza

Despite a connection between road traffic and air pollution has been clearly identified, few integrated analyses on air quality and mobility policies are currently available worldwide. Aim of this work is to build a framework for the evaluation of the impact of mobility policies on air quality in 14 major Italian cities, on a long-time scale (2006-2016). Air quality data was collected from all PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 monitoring stations, installed in compliance with the European directive 2008/50/EC. A large dataset was collected, including public transport, environmental, and fuel categorization of the private vehicular fleet, low emissions zones and modal split. In the analyzed time period, both public transportation use and private motorization decreased. Considering the environmental classification standards of vehicles, Northern cities are more readily switching to newer and less polluting cars (e.g. Euro 5 and Euro 6). There has been a general reduction in PM and NO2 concentration. Nevertheless, exceedances are still above the targeted limit value, mainly in some Northern cities who made major investments in sustainable and shared mobility: this highlights a strong influence of climatic conditions and other sources. Dramatic variations in the CO/NO ratio were observed in Turin, while smaller changes are observed in Milan, Rome and Palermo.

Directive

Sustainable transport

10.1080/10934529.2020.1752070

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Citations (19)

Estimated health impacts from maritime transport in the Mediterranean region and benefits from the use of cleaner fuels

Environment International (2020)

Mar Viana Valeria Rizza Aurelio Tobı́as Edward W. Carr James J. Corbett

Ship traffic emissions degrade air quality in coastal areas and contribute to climate impacts globally. The estimated health burden of exposure to shipping emissions in coastal areas may inform policy makers as they seek to reduce exposure and associated potential health impacts. This work estimates the PM2.5-attributable impacts in the form of premature mortality and cardiovascular and respiratory hospital admissions, from long-term exposure to shipping emissions. Health impact assessment (HIA) was performed in 8 Mediterranean coastal cities, using a baseline conditions from the literature and a policy case accounting for the MARPOL Annex VI rules requiring cleaner fuels in 2020. Input data were (a) shipping contributions to ambient PM2.5 concentrations based on receptor modelling studies found in the literature, (b) population and health incidence data from national statistical registries, and (c) geographically-relevant concentration-response functions from the literature. Long-term exposure to ship-sourced PM2.5 accounted for 430 (95% CI: 220–650) premature deaths per year, in the 8 cities, distributed between groups of cities: Barcelona and Athens, with >100 premature deaths/year, and Nicosia, Brindisi, Genoa, Venice, Msida and Melilla, with tens of premature deaths/year. The more stringent standards in 2020 would reduce the number of PM2.5-attributable premature deaths by 15% on average. HIA provided a comparative assessment of the health burden of shipping emissions across Mediterranean coastal cities, which may provide decision support for urban planning with a special focus on harbour areas, and in view of the reduction in sulphur content of marine fuels due to MARPOL Annex VI in 2020.

Health Impact Assessment

Baseline (sea)

10.1016/j.envint.2020.105670

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Citations (94)

A novel approach to evaluate the lung cancer risk of airborne particles emitted in a city

The Science of The Total Environment (2018)

Luca Stabile Angelamaria Massimo Valeria Rizza Mauro D’Apuzzo Azzurra Evangelisti

Ultrafine particle

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.432

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Citations (23)

Effects of Smart Traffic Signal Control on Air Quality

arXiv (Cornell University) (2021)

Paolo Fazzini Marco Torre Valeria Rizza Francesco Petracchini

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Variability of airborne particle metrics in urban area

Valeria Rizza Luca Stabile Giorgio Buonanno Lidia Morawska

People living in urban environments are often exposed to particle concentration levels exceeding the PM10 standards established by the European directive (Directive 2008/50/EC). Airborne particle concentration levels in cities are mostly related to anthropic urban activities/sources (such as transportation and heating).These sources are characterized by combustion processes mainly producing high levels of sub-micrometric and ultrafine particles (UFPs, particles with diameter smaller than 100 nm). Clinical and toxicological studies have shown a link between the exposure to high particle concentration levels and adverse health effects. That is a reason why is crucial a characterization of the exposure to the different metrics of the airborne particles (number, surface area, mass, black carbon content, carcinogenic compound content) in cities. Recent studies have demonstrated that measurements performed using fixed monitoring stations do not provide adequate input into the assessment of population exposure to airborne particles. To overcome this limitation, the use of mobile monitoring platforms (bikes, buses, etc.), equipped with cutting edge instruments which allow real-time collection of air quality data, is getting a foothold in the scientific field. In particular, these systems (platforms with onboard instruments) allow the spatial and temporal characterization of air quality in urban microenvironments. In the present study the mobile monitoring approach was applied to investigate the spatial variability of all the key airborne particle metrics (number, alveolar-deposited surface area, mass concentrations) in an Italian urban area. Streets characterized by exposure levels statistically higher than the background levels for all the particle metrics were identified for different seasons, meteo-climatic and traffic conditions. A higher number of hot spots was measured for metrics affected by ultrafine particles (number and alveolar-deposited surface area concentrations) with respect to PM10. The effect of metrological requirements of the instrumentation on the proposed method was also discussed.

Ultrafine particle

Particle (ecology)

Exposure Assessment

Water Framework Directive

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Influence of methodology on the estimation of the particle surface area dose received by a population in all-day activities

Environmental Pollution (2020)

Mauro Scungio Valeria Rizza Luca Stabile Lidia Morawska Giorgio Buonanno

Inhalation exposure

Particle (ecology)