In order to provide palynological information for genus Camellia plant,and verify the feasibility of plant recognition and identification using pollen,four cultivars pollen morphology of Camellia were observed under SEM.The results indicated that obvious differences existed among pollen morphology of four species on shape,size,P/E and exine ornamentation.Exine ornamentation could be recognized as Camellia nitidissima,Camellia impressinervis,Camellia forrestii and Camellia costi.Verrucate in the lophoreticulate of C.costi could be defined as evolution characteristics.Correlation analysis of P/E and P(r2=0.827 2) showed obvious positive correlation.Two species of C.fraternal with high P/E and P should be in the evolution of high status.The pollen exine ornamentation and P/E of different species of Camellia could reflect revolution relationship in certain degree and would serve as palynology basis for study of species classification and revolution relationship.
Two wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.), HF9703 tolerant to drought and SN215953 sensitive to drought, were used to study the effects of glycinebetaine on the composition and function of thylakoid membrane. The wheat seedlings with two leaves were pretreated with Hoagland solution containing 1.5 mmol/L glycinebetaine (GB) for 72 h, then cultured with Hoagland solution containing 15% PEG-6000 for 48 h. The seedling leaves were used for mensuration. The results indicated that the chlorophyll, monogalactosyl diaylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) contents of the two wheat cultivars decreased significantly (P<0.05) under drought stress. GB alleviated their decrease. The sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) content, trans-hexadecenoic [16:1(3t)] and saturated fatty acid content of MGDG in HF9703 increased significantly (P<0.05), while in SN215953, the sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) and trans-hexadecenoic [16:1(3t)] contents decreased significantly under drought stress, but the saturated fatty acid content of MGDG increased slightly. These differences between the two wheat cultivars might account for much of the difference in drought tolerance between them. Ca2+-ATPase activity of thylakoid membrane, Hill-reaction activity and photosynthesis were decreased markedly (P<0.05) by drought stress. GB ameliorated these effects on thylakoid membrane, and the effect of GB on SN215953 was stronger than on HF9703. Discussion was made on the possible mechanism of the alleviating effect of root-applied GB on the composition and function of thylakoid membrane.
When talking about the development of jade culture reflects in the Biography of King Mu,we should take the logic of historical development and the historical contingency factors such as the King Zhao's not returning from the Nanzheng in consideration.King Mu made a formal visit to Yellow Emperor's palace in the Kunlun Mountains,and that could be taken as a return of early jade culture.From the period which God is the sovereign to the period taking the king as sovereign,there were great alternation could not be accomplished at one stroke.The period of King Zhao and Mu is the establishment period of the ritual and music culture.At the same time,it is the alternating period of new and old culture.In the coexistence,people can clearly see the stage characteristics of transformation in Western Zhou Dynasty.The final establishment of the ritual jade culture is based on comprehensive summary of wizard jade culture.King Mu's seeking of jade and the support from witch implied the purpose to make the kingship sacred.
Summary From the method of PCR,we found SEN Virus in not A—F hepatilis,patient's blood serum. The result of the experiment indicates that SEN virus maybe is a new model DNA Virus to cause Not A—F hepatitis.
Bacillus subtilis is long known to produce poly-γ-glutamic acids (γ-PGA) as one of the major secreted polymeric substances. In B. subtilis, the regulation of γ-PGA production and its physiological role are still unclear. B. subtilis is also capable of forming structurally complex multicellular communities, or biofilms, in which an extracellular matrix consisting of secreted proteins and polysaccharides holds individual cells together. Biofilms were shown to facilitate B. subtilis-plant interactions. In this study, we show that different environmental isolates of B. subtilis, all capable of forming biofilms, vary significantly in γ-PGA production. This is possibly due to differential regulation of γ-PGA biosynthesis genes. In many of those environmental isolates, γ-PGA seems to contribute to robustness and complex morphology of the colony biofilms, suggesting a role of γ-PGA in biofilm formation. Our evidence further shows that in selected B. subtilis strains, γ-PGA also plays a role in root colonization by the bacteria, pinpointing a possible function of γ-PGA in B. subtilis-plant interactions. Finally, we found that several pathways co-regulate both γ-PGA biosynthesis genes and genes for the biofilm matrix in B. subtilis, but in an opposing fashion. We discussed potential biological significance of that.
Canola is an important vegetable oil crop globally, and the understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying fatty acids biosynthesis during seed embryo development is an important research goal. Here we report the transcriptional profiling analysis of developing canola embryos using RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) method. RNA-Seq analysis generated 58,579,451 sequence reads aligned with 32,243 genes. It was found that a total of 55 differential expression genes (DEGs) encoding 28 enzymes function in carbon flow to fatty acids of storage TAG. Most of the DEGs encoding above enzymes showed similar expression pattern, indicating the DEGs are cooperatively involved in carbon flow into fatty acids. In addition, 41 DEGs associated with signal transductions, transport and metabolic processing of auxin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, cytokinin and salicylic acids were found in the RNA-Seq database, which indicates the important roles of the phytohormones in controlling embryo development and fatty acids synthesis. 122 DEGs encoding transcriptional factor family members were found in developing canola embryos. Furthermore, BnDOF5.6, a zinc finger transcriptional factor gene, found in RNA-Seq database was down-regulated in developing canola embryos. The transgenic plants displayed reduced embryo sizes, decreased fatty acids contents and altered seed fatty acids composition in canola. Down-regulated of BnDof5.6 also changed the expression levels of genes involved in fatty acids synthesis and desaturation. Our results indicate that BnDof5.6 is required for embryo development and fatty acids synthesis in canola. Overall this study presents new information on the global expression patterns of genes during embryo development and will expand our understanding of the complex molecular mechanism of carbon flow into fatty acids and embryo development in canola.
The Changes of physiological and biochemical indexes in leaves and roots of Zizania caduciflora(Turcz.)Hand.-Mazz.were studied every 5 days on single-harvested cultivar'Jiangshujiao'and double-harvested cultivar'Fenghongzao',which were treated with different concentration of MCPA-Na.The effect of MCPA-Na on physiological characteristics of Zizania caduciflora(Turcz.)Hand.-Mazz.as discussed.The results indicated that the root activity and chlorophyll content of the 2 varieties were increased when treated with low concentration of MCPA-Na.While they were decreased when increasing the concentration of MCPA-Na.However,the membrane permeability,MDA and praline contents,POD and PPO activities of Zizania caduciflora(Turcz.)Hand.-Mazz.were increased when increasing MCPA-Na concentration.Injury of MCPA-Na stress to the 2 Zizania caduciflora(Turcz.)Hand.-Mazz.varieties were increased along with the increasing of treating times.There were differences between cultivars.
Eight types of vegetative organs were suggested with regard to the trees in China.Also an overall statistics and analysis had been given to the correlation between the characteristics of tree types and their tesonomical characters:family, genera and species.In China,there are 11 942 tree species,including wild and cultivated one,belong to 213 families and 1 549 genera.Calculations show that the number of simpleleaf tree species is bigger than the compoundleaf tree species.The rates between genera and species of the simpleleaf species are 66%and 78%respectively,and those of compoundleaf species are 20% and 16%.If the calculation is made according to the simpleleaf veined type,the rates of pinnate species are 71% and 77.5%,of palmate species are 24% and 16% and of paralled veined species are 5%and 6.5%.Some conclusive researches have been also made on the representative species of each type as well as the main lines of the classification of their genera and specices and finally ways and clues have been suggested to further researches of the tree's vegetative organ classification with regard to their branching system,pith type,bud type,vascular type,nervation of the third and higher degree,silone and appendages.
Safe and effective vaccination is important for rabies prevention. Here, genetically engineered rabies vaccine CAV2-deltaE3-Rgp was developed and characterized. The recombinant genome pPoly2-CAV2-deltaE3-Rgp carrying the rabies glycoprotein (Rgp) cDNA was generated by a series of strictly gene cloning steps and infectious recombinant virus CAV2-deltaE3-Rgp was obtained by transfecting the recombinant genome into a canine kidney cell line, MDCK. To efficiently construct cloned recombinant canine adenovirus type 2 genome pPoly2-CAV2-deltaE3-Rgp bearing exogenous Rgp gene, The Rgp gene was first subcloned from the clone vector pMD18-T into the eukaryon expression vector pVAX1. The Rgp expression cassette was then subcloned into the shuttle vector pVAXdeltaE3 and subsequently into the canine adenovirus type 2 backbone vector pPoly2-CAV2. To indirectly confirm pPoly2-CAV2-deltaE3-Rgp, conventional restriction endonuclease digestion was performed. CAV2-deltaE3-Rgp can generate typical CPE of CAV-2. CAV2-deltaE3-Rgp was tested by restriction endonuclease digestion, PCR, DNA sequencing. As a result, The Rgp expression cassette was successfully integrated into the target region of the CAV2 genome. It is confirmed by RT-PCR, Western blot that CAV2-deltaE3-Rgp can express Rgp antigen in MDCK cell. This recombinant virus, CAV2-deltaE3-Rgp, was intramuscularly injected into dogs. All vaccinated dogs produced effective antibodies against CAV and RV after three inoculations. This recombinant virus would be prospective in immunizing dogs against CAV and RV.
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