To measure the level of serum Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) and to analyze the relationship between serum Sema3A and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with thrombocytopenia.The concentration of serum Sema3A was detected by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) in 170 SLE patients, 50 Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients, 19 hypersplenism (HS) patients and 150 healthy controls (HC). Based on the presence of thrombocytopenia and whether the thrombocytopenia was in remission, the SLE patients were divided into three groups: SLE with thrombocytopenia (41 cases), SLE with thrombocytopenia remission (28 cases), and SLE without thrombocytopenia (101 cases). According to whether there was thrombocytopenia, the SS patients were divided into SS with thrombocytopenia (18 cases) and SS without thrombocytopenia (32 cases). The 28 SLE patients who underwent bone marrow aspiration biopsy were divided into two groups from the aspect of whether the bone marrow hyperplasia was normal (19 cases) or low (9 cases), as well as from the aspect of whether the maturity disturbance of megakaryocyte was positive (8 cases) or negative (20 cases). The serum Sema3A levels in SLE, SS, HS with HC were compared, meanwhile, the correlation between serum Sema3A level and platelet (PLT) in the patients with different diseases analyzed.(1) Serum Sema3A levels in SLE were significantly lower than in HC [(3.84±2.76) μg/L vs. (6.96±2.62) μg/L, P < 0.001], serum Sema3A levels in SS were also obviously lower than in HC [(4.35±3.57) μg/L vs. (6.96±2.62) μg/L, P < 0.001], and in HS it was lower than HC at a certain extant [(5.67±2.26) μg/L vs. (6.96±2.62) μg/L, P=0.041]. (2) Serum Sema3A levels in SLE were slightly lower than in SS, but there was no significant difference [(3.84±2.76) μg/L vs. (4.35±3.57) μg/L, P=0.282]. However, when compared with HS, serum Sema3A levels in SLE were significantly lower [(3.84±2.76) μg/L vs. (5.67±2.26) μg/L, P=0.006]. (3) Serum Sema3A concentration in SLE with thrombocytopenia was significantly lower than in SLE with thrombocytopenia remission [(1.28±1.06) μg/L vs. (3.83±2.65) μg/L, P < 0.001], and in SLE patients without thrombocytopenia [(1.28±1.06) μg/L vs. (4.87±2.60) μg/L, P < 0.001]. There was no significant difference between SLE with thrombocytopenia remission and SLE without thrombocytopenia [(3.83±2.65) μg/L vs. (4.87±2.600 μg/L, P=0.123]. Serum Sema3A concentration in SLE with thrombocytopenia was slightly lower than in SS with thrombocytopenia, but there was no significant difference [(1.28±1.06) μg/L vs. (1.68±1.11) μg/L, P=0.189]. (4) Strong positive correlations were found between serum Sema3A and PLT in SLE (r=0.600, P < 0.001). Positive correlations were also found between serum Sema3A and PLT in SS (r=0.573, P < 0.001). However, there was no such correlation showed in HS patients (P=0.393). (5) There was no significant difference of serum Sema3A concentration in SLE whether the bone marrow hyperplasia was normal or low. And the same situation appeared in the patients whether the maturity disturbance of megakaryocyte was positive or negative (P>0.05).Serum Sema3A was significantly reduced in SLE patients, and it was highly correlated with the blood damage. Similar conclusions could be drawn in patients with SS. The serum level of Sema3A was generally decreasing in desmosis which merged thrombocytopenia, and was obviously positive correlated with platelet counts.
Numerous studies have shown that plasma fibrinogen was linked to esophageal cancer (EC) risk. However, the clinical significance of plasma fibrinogen in EC patients remain unclear and need to be further clarified.A total of 2865 patients with EC from 11 published studies were included in this meta-analysis. The prognostic and clinical relevance of plasma fibrinogen were evaluated in EC patients. Statistical significance of the pooled hazard ratio (HR) was found for overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in EC. Subgroup analyses for OS were also performed to confirm the prognostic value of plasma fibrinogen. Additionally, the overall results indicated that elevated plasma fibrinogen was significantly associated with tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis (LNM) and clinical stage.A comprehensive literature retrieval was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane database, Web of science and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang databases to identify relevant studies published prior to April 15, 2017.Elevated plasma fibrinogen could be served as a promising biomarker for predicting a poor prognosis and unfavorable clinicopathologic features for EC.
With the ever-increasing demand for data traffic, high dense cellular networks are gaining extensive attention. But at the same time dense deployment of small cells results in high energy consumption and operating cost. Sleep mode for high dense cellular networks is emerging as a promising way to meet green communication. The aim of this paper is to use the two-stage strategy for reducing the energy consumption of high dense deployed cellular networks by turning some base stations (BSs) into sleep mode. The distribution of BSs and users is modeled as Poisson point process. By using the tools of stochastic geometry, we derive the network load and overload possibility of BSs. Based on the derived results, in the first stage, we randomly turn some BSs from the dense networks into sleep mode so as to reduce the density and power consumption of BSs while maintaining the quality of service of users. In the second stage, some of the remaining BSs are further turned into sleep mode by means of the proposed selection algorithm. Our two-stage strategy can significantly simplify the complexity of finding a relatively good result. Numerical results validate the analysis and show that the proposed strategy can significantly reduce energy consumption.
Objective
To systematically assess the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with methotrexate/vinblastine/doxorubicin/cisplatin (MVAC) vs. gemcitabine/cisplatin (GC) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).
Methods
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or non-RCTs regrading the efficacy of NAC with MVAC vs. GC for MIBC were retrieved in Pubmed, Cochrane library, Sciverse, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang database from databases establishment to May 2016. According to the including and exclusion criterion, two reviewers independently reviewed the trials, conducted the Meta-analysis with RevMan 5.3 soft ware.
Results
A total of 13 non-randomized clinical controlled trials were eligible for the study including 1690 cases. The pooled results showed that MVAC group had a lower down staging rate (RR=0.77, 95%CI 0.61-0.97, P=0.03) and complete response rate (RR=0.70, 95%CI 0.53-0.93, P=0.01). Statistically significant were observed. However, there was no significant difference in disease free survival (RR=0.88, 95%CI 0.60-1.29, P=0.53).
Conclusion
Compared with MVAC, NAC with GC had higher down staging rate and complete response rate. Therefore, NAC with GC should be considered as a preferable option for MIBC.
Key words:
Muscle invasive bladder cancer; Methotrexate/vinblastine/doxorubicin/cisplatin (MVAC); Gemcitabine/cisplatin (GC); Neoadjuvant chemotherapy; Meta analysis
To determine the incidence of human herpes virus (HHV) 1-4 type including herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) in the saliva of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -infected patients.The incidence of salivary HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV and EBV from 245 HIV-seropositive individuals and control group was used to investigate by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) or nested PCR. The data was analyzed by SPSS 18.0 statistical software.In the 245 HIV-seropositive individuals, the detection rates of HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV were 29.0%, 3.3%, 4.1%, 82.0%. In the control group, the detection rates of HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV were 13.3%, 0, 0, 36.7%. Four HHVs were significantly more prevalent in the salivas of HIV-seropositive persons than those in the control group (P < 0.01). The detection rates of HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV and EBV DNA were no difference between the HIV-positive group with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and HIV-positive group without HAART (P > 0.05).There is a high prevalence of HHV infection in HIV-infected people in Yunnan. The most common virus are EBV, followed by HSV-1, but VZV and HSV-2 are rarely detected. HHV co-infection is also observed.
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