Abstract Due to their important biological role as markers for different pathologies, sialic acid (SA) analyses are important for clinical research. In this work, a miniaturized capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection (mini‐CE‐AD) was developed for the determination of N ‐acetylneuraminic acid (NANA), which is the most widespread form of SAs. NANA was first oxidized by periodic acid in an acidic solution, and then the oxidation product β ‐formyl pyruvic acid was derivatized with electroactive 2‐thiobarbituric acid (TBA) to form an electroactive NANA‐TBA adduct, which could be readily determined by mini‐CE‐AD. The limit of detection (LOD) of NANA‐TBA could achieve 0.50 µg/mL (1.6 µmol·L −1 , S/N=3) based on an online enrichment approach of moving chemical reaction boundary. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of NANA in human saliva, and the recoveries were in the range of 91.8% –109% with RSDs of 1.8% –3.9%. Due to its simple design and construction, low cost and portability, the mini‐CE‐AD device will possess more practicability in more field work as an alternative to conventional and microchip CE approaches.
With the parallel connection between China and the international economy and culture, the number of foreign students who are imported and exported in my country is increasing, and they are also increasingly connected in various aspects such as cultural life and economic development. Therefore, choosing to learn a second foreign language in universities has also become a trend. In addition to the lack of second-language majors in most high-efficiency, under the traditional education model of our country, learning second-language languages has many disadvantages. For example, there is a lack of language communication scenarios, and grammar learning is more than oral practice. In order to break this traditional and inherent learning model and provide college students with more opportunities for situational communication and practice, the teaching model of flipping classrooms has been introduced into classrooms by more and more universities.