Stephen Morley

University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

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A Scale for the Assessment of Hedonic Tone the Snaith–Hamilton Pleasure Scale

The British Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

R. P. Snaith M. Hamilton Stephen Morley A. Humayan David J. Hargreaves

Background Hedonic tone and its absence, anhedonia, are important in psychopathological research, but instruments for their assessment are lengthy and probably culturally biased. Method A new scale was constructed from the responses of a large sample of the general population to a request to list six situations which afforded pleasure. The most frequent items were reviewed and those likely to be affected by cultural setting, age, or sex were removed. A pilot study led to an abbreviated scale of 14 items, covering four domains of pleasure response. This questionnaire was subjected to psychometric evaluation in new samples from the general population and psychiatric patients. Results The scale was found to have a score range that would distinguish a ‘normal’ from an ‘abnormal’ response. Validity and reliability were found to be satisfactory. Conclusions The new scale, the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), is an instrument which may be recommended for psychopathological research.

Anhedonia

10.1192/bjp.167.1.99

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Citations (1,479)

The development of a self-administered psychophysical scaling method: range effects

Pain (1988)

Stephen Morley

101 subjects engaged in a self-administered cross-modal matching task to scale descriptors of pain intensity and unpleasantness. The correlation between the two responses was used to determine reliability (internal consistency). When r ≥ 0.90 was set as a criterion about 3% of the subjects were unable to calibrate standard stimuli reliably, 6% were unable to calibrate intensity descriptors and 60% were unable to calibrate unpleasantness descriptors reliably. When the criterion reliability was set at r ≥ 0.85 all subjects successfully scaled the intensity descriptors. Further relaxation of the criterion to r ≥- 0.80 reduced the ‘failure’ rate for unpleasantness descriptors to 24%. These data compare favourably with other published results from non-chronic and chronic pain patients. The provision of a fixed reference value produced range effects in the resulting scale but do not severely attenuate the range of the scale as has been previously suggested. It is concluded that a self-administered version of the task is feasible. Reasons for the poor performance with the unpleasantness descriptors are discussed.

Intensity

10.1016/0304-3959(88)90090-5

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Citations (7)

Trial Design of Psychological Treatments in Chronic Pain: What Can We Tell Patients?

Stephen Morley

Source

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Citations (3)

Target measures: unique measures for the individual

Routledge eBooks (2017)

Stephen Morley Ciara Masterson Chris J. Main

This chapter begins by discussing the concept of validity in measurement and identifies criterion validity as central to the assessment and evaluation of clinical problems. The limitations of standardised measures with respect to criterion validity are identified and idiographic measurement is defined and introduced. Several types of idiographic measures are discussed, including self-report and observational measures. The importance of reliability in these measures is highlighted and methods for obtaining reliable observations are given. The chapter highlights the advantage of personal questionnaire methodology for measuring subjective states.

10.4324/9781315412931-3

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Citations (0)

Psychological Interventions for Chronic Pain: Reviewed within the Context of Goal Pursuit

Pain Management (2012)

Martien G.S. Schrooten Johan W.S. Vlaeyen Stephen Morley

SUMMARY In contemporary psychological interventions for chronic pain, cognitive-behavioral therapy takes a central role, covering a broad range of techniques and aims. To improve the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and to refine its components, new theoretical approaches may help understand and arrange the mechanisms underlying pain perception, behavior and suffering. This article reviews processes of change in cognitive-behavioral therapies for chronic pain within the context of goal pursuit. Treatments are viewed from the perspective of the action phase model of goal attainment. With this model in mind, a distinction is made between goal 'intentions' and their 'realization'. In addition, recent research findings on goal pursuit in the context of (chronic) pain are reviewed, with a special emphasis on their implications for clinical practice.

Goal pursuit

10.2217/pmt.12.2

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Citations (37)

Active despite pain: the putative role of stop-rules and current mood

Pain (2004)

Johan W.S. Vlaeyen Stephen Morley

aDepartment of Medical, Clinical, and Experimental Psychology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands bPain Management and Research Center, University Hospital, Maastricht, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands cAcademic Unit of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK *Corresponding author. Address: Department of Medical, Clinical, and Experimental Psychology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. Tel.: +31–43–3881265; fax: +31–43–3884155 E-mail: [email protected] Submitted and accepted April 27, 2004.

10.1016/j.pain.2004.04.037

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Citations (121)

Responses of consecutive patients to reassurance after gastroscopy: results of self administered questionnaire survey

BMJ (1997)

Mike Lucock Stephen Morley Craig A. White M. Peake

To study the time course and prediction of responses to reassurance after gastroscopy showing no serious illness.Selection of consecutive patients were assessed before gastroscopy, immediately after reassurance, and at follow up at 24 hours, 1 week, 1 month, and 1 year. Responses of subgroups of patients identified as high, medium, and low health anxiety by the health anxiety questionnaire were analysed.Endoscopy clinic in a general hospital.Oral reassurance that there was "nothing seriously wrong."One consultant physician and 60 patients aged 18-74 referred for gastroscopy.Physician's and patients' ratings of the extent of the reassurance and patients' ratings of their anxiety about their health and of their illness belief.There was good agreement between the patients and the physician about whether reassurance had been given. Health anxiety and illness belief decreased markedly after reassurance. Patients with high health anxiety showed a significant resurgence in their worry and illness belief at 24 hours and 1 week, and these levels were maintained at 1 months and 1 year later. Patients with medium levels of health anxiety showed a reduction in worry and illness belief after reassurance, and this was generally maintained during follow up. Patients with low health anxiety maintained low levels of health worry and illness belief throughout the study. Partial correlation analyses showed that the levels of worry and illness belief after reassurance were predicted by the health anxiety questionnaire. This measure also had predictive value beyond that of a measure of general anxiety.Medical reassurance results in a reduction of worry about health and of illness belief, but this may be very short term. Measurable individual differences in health anxiety can be used to predict the response to reassurance.

Worry

10.1136/bmj.315.7108.572

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Citations (150)

Interview to Elicit Illness Representation in Adult Epilepsy Patients

PsycTESTS Dataset (2001)

Steven Kemp Stephen Morley

Representation

10.1037/t22667-000

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Citations (0)

The dimensionality of verbal descriptors in Tursky's pain perception profile

Pain (1989)

Stephen Morley

In the first part of the study 20 subjects (11 headache, 9 normals) free-sorted descriptors from the intensity and affect scales of the Tursky pain perception profile (PPP) into groups on the basis of similar meaning. In part 2 they made similarity ratings of all pairs of words within the intensity and affect scales. In the third part of the study subjects completed a cross-modal matching task to scale the intensity and affect words. Data from the first 2 parts of the study were examined with multidimensional scaling (MDS) and hierarchical cluster analyses. Free-sorting the descriptors did not produce 2 groups corresponding to the intensity and affect descriptors described in the Tursky PPP. The descriptors were arranged in 6 groups described by subjects as reflecting increasing painfulness. An MDS analysis showed that the groups could be located in 2-dimensional space in which the dimensions of intensity and affective distress could be easily discerned. When the descriptors from the intensity and affect scales were rated within each scale, a second MDS analysis showed that, whereas the intensity descriptors could be fitted by a 1-dimensional representation, the affect descriptors required a 3-dimensional model. There was evidence that subjects with extensive pain experience placed greater weight on the second and third affective dimensions compared with relatively pain-free subjects.

Affect

Multidimensional scaling

Intensity

Similarity (geometry)

10.1016/0304-3959(89)90151-6

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Citations (16)

Brief Report: Decline in the Use of ECT: The York Study

Bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists (1987)

K. S. Bhatnagar Peter Kennedy Stephen Morley

A national survey in 1980 drew attention to the wide variation in frequency with which electro-convulsive treatment was being used. Yorkshire Region was at the top of the league with three times the level of the Oxford Region which had the lowest rate. Since then a good deal more research has been published on the effectiveness and limitations of ECT. 1–3 Other factors which might have influenced clinicians in their prescribing of this treatment include much stricter conditions in the 1983 Mental Health Act for giving ECT compulsorily, plenty of media comment which may have reduced its acceptability, the increasing confidence of general practitioners in prescribing antidepressant drug therapies, and the greater emphasis on community care.

League table

10.1192/s0140078900017831

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Citations (2)