Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the highest incidence of all cancers in children. Ocular involvement can diagnose the development of the disease. Patients with ALL often have ocular manifestations either resulting from direct infiltration or indirect causes of neoplastic cells. The aim of this study to diagnose from posterior segment findings on disease severity in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at Muhammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang
Methods: A diagnostic test to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of posterior segment findings in disease severity diagnostic of pediatric patients with ALL from November 2021 to May 2022. Posterior segment findings that were evaluated included retinal hemorrhages, roth spots, exudate and papilledema. Disease severity of pediatric ALL is divided into high risk and standard risk. All data were analyzed using SPPS version 22.0
Results: There were 68 patients who selected by inclusion criteria. A total of 30 (44.1%) subjects with high risk and 38 (55.9%) with standard risk. in this study there is no patient have papilledema and only one patient (1.5%) has retinal hemorrhage, roth spot and exudate. From statistical analysis, it was found that the three posterior findings had a sensitivity of 0% and a specificity of 97.4%.
Conclusion: The results of this study show that the findings of the posterior eye segment can be used as a screening tool for the severity of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, because only one component of sensitivity and specificity has a value of > 80%.
Covid-19 is a disease caused by the SARS Cov-2 virus and attacks the respiratory tract. This disease spreads very quickly through droplets. Until now, there is no definitive therapy for this disease. However, prevention that can be done to prevent this disease are implementing health protocols, social distancing, increasing endurance by consuming nutritious foods, exercising and regular rest, stress management, and self-medication.
This study was to know the efficacy of active fraction Aquilaria malaccensis leaves (fraction of ethanol water/AFEA and fractions of ethyl acetate/AFEC) inFauzia Said, M. T. Kamaluddin, Theodorus glucose uptake by measuring the levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in muscle tissue on Wistar male rats diabetic model. Experimental research design of pre and post-test with control group. AFEA and AFEC was administered to High Fat Diet (5 mL orally)/Dexamethasone (250 g/kg body weight intraperitoneally)-induced diabetic male Wistar rats at different doses (0.01, 0.1 and 1 g/kg b.w. /day) for 14 days.
GLUT4 level in skeletal muscle tissue was significantly enhanced (p
Abstract Dementia is a brain disorder that interferes with a person's cognitive and behavioral abilities. Unfortunately, late diagnosis is common. Detection of people with suspected dementia in any setting requires a brief and simple test such as MMSE which has become the best‐known and the most often used short screening dementia tool. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of MMSE screening tool based digital system. We used data from the OASIS Longitudinal dataset provided by the University of Washington Center for Alzheimer's Disease Research, Randy Buckner of the Howard Hughes Institute of Medicine at Harvard University, the Neuroinformatics Research Group at the University of Washington School of Medicine, and the Biomedical Informatics Research Network. The dataset was processed through training and testing using an artificial neural network architecture. From this data, a machine learning training process was carried out and obtained diagnostic accuracy of 78%. Thus, The early detection of dementia using MMSE tool based digital system is suitable for use as a dementia risk screening process tool in a clinical setting. Further studies are needed to assess diagnostic accuracy using primary data.
Background: Aspirin is the most commonly used for treatment in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, there are many evidences from several trials suggested that dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) might exhibit a better outcome and more effective than aspirin monotherapy. Thus, we aimed to assess the effect of DAPT versus aspirin monotherapy in patients with CAD. Methods: Electronic databases were performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cohrane from Januari 2005 until March 2021. We searched for randomized control trials comparing DAPT versus aspirin monotherapy in patients with CAD. Pooled effects estimates were reported as an odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and calculated using random effects model. RevMan 5.4 software was used for data analysis. Results: Five randomized control trials with a total of 8,203 participants met the inclusion critera. DAPT was found to have an association in reducing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.57-0.90; p = 0.003; I2 = 17%) and death events (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.49-0.79; p < 0.0001; I2 = 0%) compared with aspirin monotherapy. Yet, there were no significant difference in myocardial infarction events (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.57-1.07; p = 0.13; I2 = 28%) and bleeding events (OR 1.65; 95% CI 0.97-2.81; p = 0.06; I2 = 0%) between two groups. Conclusions: DAPT treatment has a significant effect in reducing the risk of major cardiovascular and death events without a significant effect in myocardial infarction and bleeding events compared with aspirin monotherapy.
This paper proposes a new autofocusing method for observing cells under a transmission illumination. The focusing method uses a quick and simple focus estimation technique termed “depth from diffraction,” which is based on a diffraction pattern in a defocused image of a biological specimen. Since this method can estimate the focal position of the specimen from only a single defocused image, it can easily realize high-speed auto-focusing. To demonstrate the method, it was applied to continuous focus tracking of a swimming paramecium, in combination with two-dimensional position tracking. Three-dimensional tracking of the paramecium for 70 s was successfully demonstrated.
This paper proposes a new autofocusing method for microbiological specimens, such as cells. The proposed focusing method used a quick focus estimation named "depth from diffraction", based on a diffraction pattern in a defocused image of a biological specimen. Since this method can estimate the focal position of the specimen from only a single defocused image, it can easily realize high-speed autofocusing. To demonstrate the proposed method, continuous focusing was applied to focus tracking of a swimming paramecium, in combination with two-dimensional tracking. This allowed three-dimensional tracking of the paramecium for 75 s to be successfully demonstrated
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by blood glucose levels greater than normal - hyperglycemia (fasting blood glucose ? 126 mg / dl or post prandial blood glucose ? 200 mg / dl or blood glucose ? 200 mg / dl) caused by insulin deficiency and or insulin resistance. One way to control blood glucose levels can be done in a traditional way using natural ingredients. Belimbing wuluh fruits (Averrhoa bilimbi Lin.) has been widely used by the community because containing many active substances, including flavonoids. Flavonoids found in Belimbing wuluh fruit are dihydromyricetin. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectivity of belimbing wuluh fruit ethanolic extract on decreasing 2-hour post prandial blood glucose of male rats compared to acarbose. This type of study is in vivo laboratory experimental (pre and posttest only). The research was done from July to September 2020 in the Biochemistry Laboratory, Biotechnology Laboratory and Animal House, Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University, Palembang. The population of study were white male rats. Statistical data analysis used SPSS version 22. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the ethanolic extract of belimbing wuluh fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) was effective on decreasing 2-hour post prandial blood glucose levels of diabetic male white rats.
