Sb NMR and NQR studies have revealed the formation of a pseudogap at the Fermi level in the density of states in a valence fluctuating compound CeIrSb. The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate divided by temperature, $1∕{T}_{1}T$, has a maximum around $300\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ and decreases significantly as $1∕{T}_{1}T\ensuremath{\sim}{T}^{2}$, followed by a $1∕{T}_{1}T=\mathrm{const}$ relation at low temperature. This temperature dependence of $1∕{T}_{1}T$ is well reproduced by assuming a V-shaped energy gap with a residual density of states at the Fermi level. The size of energy gap for CeIrSb is estimated to be about $350\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, which is by 1 order of magnitude larger than those for the isostructural Kondo semiconductors CeRhSb and CeNiSn. Despite the large difference in the size of energy gap, CeIrSb, CeRhSb, and CeNiSn are indicated to be classified into the same group revealing a V-shaped gap due to $c\text{\ensuremath{-}}f$ hybridization. The temperature dependence of the Knight shift measured in a high magnetic field agrees with the formation of this pseudogap.
Purpose: Female athletes with menstrual abnormalities have poor sleep quality.However, whether female athletes with poor sleep quality based on subjective assessment have distinctive changes in objective measures of sleep in association with menses remains unclear.This study aimed to compare changes in objective sleep measurements during and following menses between collegiate female athletes with and without poor subjective sleep quality.Patients and Methods: Female collegiate athletes (age range/mean ± standard deviation: 18-22/ 22.2±1.1)with regular menstrual cycles were recruited.The participants underwent home electroencephalogram monitoring during the first and second nights after the onset of menses and one night between the seventh and 10th nights after menses onset (mid-follicular phase).The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess the subjective sleep quality.Interactions between the presence of poor subjective sleep quality (ie, PSQI ≥6) and changes in objective measures of sleep in association with menses were analyzed.Results: Data of 45 athletes, including 13 with poor subjective sleep quality, showed that changes in arousal index in athletes with poor subjective sleep quality were distinctive from those in athletes without poor subjective sleep quality (p = 0.036 for interaction).In athletes with poor subjective sleep quality, the arousal index was significantly increased in menses (p for analysis of variance, 0.015), especially on the first night after the onset of menses compared with during the mid-follicular phase (p = 0.016).Conclusion: Collegiate female athletes with regular menstrual cycles are likely to have poor subjective sleep quality in association with more frequent arousal during the first night after the onset of menses than during the mid-follicular phase.
11B NMR measurements have been performed on rare earth ternary borides, YRuB2, LuRuB2 and (Tm0.4Y0.6)RuB2 to investigate their electronic states. From the measurements of temperature dependence of spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T1, YRuB2 and LuRuB2 are found to be Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superconductors with the energy gap 2Δ(0)=3.52 kBTc and the superconducting transition temperatures Tc=7.6 K (YRuB2) and 10.2 K (LuRuB2). A very broad and temperature dependent spectrum is observed in (Tm0.4Y0.6)RuB2. The magnitude of 1/T1T is considerably larger in (Tm0.4Y0.6)RuB2 than in YRuB2 and LuRuB2. These facts suggest the contribution of 4f electrons to the hyperfine field at 11B nuclei in (Tm0.4Y0.6)RuB2.
Objective: To identify the factors associated with difficulty in performing laparoscopic gynecologic procedures, including hysterectomy, myomectomy, adnexectomy, and cystectomy.
To clarify the electronic state in a two-dimensional triangular lattice LiVS 2 , we have performed 51 V- and 7 Li-NMR measurements. Below the phase transition temperature T c of about 310 K from the paramagnetic state to a nonmagnetic state, the Knight shift of both 51 V and 7 Li does not depend on temperature. The 51 V and 7 Li spin–lattice relaxation rates 1/ T 1 show the exponential temperature dependence below T c , which indicates a gap structure of the electronic state. These results are in agreement with a trimer singlet of V 3+ spins below T c . The increase in 7 Li 1/ T 1 above T c indicates the existence of the pseudo gap and agrees with the increase in paramagnetic susceptibility with increasing temperature and with the small entropy change at T c compared with that in LiVO 2 .
