Treball que correspon a les practiques que es fan als tallers REVIR organitzats pel CRECIM de la UAB. La sequencia preten que l’alumnat de segon a quart d’ESO assoleixi una major comprensio del fenomen de la generacio d’electricitat a partir de plaques fotovoltaiques.
// Alba Dalmases 1,2 , Irene González 1,2 , Silvia Menendez 1,2 , Oriol Arpí 1,2 , Josep Maria Corominas 3 , Sonia Servitja 1,2 , Ignasi Tusquets 1,2,4 , Cristina Chamizo 5 , Raúl Rincón 5 , Lluis Espinosa 1 , Anna Bigas 1 , Pilar Eroles 6 , Jessica Furriol 6 , Anna Lluch 7,8 , Ana Rovira 1,2 , Joan Albanell 1,2,9 , Federico Rojo 1,5 1 Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; 2 Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; 3 Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; 4 Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain; 5 Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain; 6 Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; 7 Oncology and Hematology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain; 8 Valencia Central University, Spain; 9 Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. Correspondence: Federico Rojo, email: // Keywords : breast cancer, chemoresistance, NF-кB, p53, prognosis Received : October 31, 2013 Accepted : November 21, 2013 Published : November 23, 2013 Abstract NF-кB has been linked to doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer patients. NF-кB nuclear translocation and DNA binding in doxorubicin treated-breast cancer cells have been extensively examined; however its functional relevance at transcriptional level on NF-кB -dependent genes and the biological consequences are unclear. We studied NF-кB -dependent gene expression induced by doxorubicin in breast cancer cells and fresh human cancer specimens with different genetic backgrounds focusing on their p53 status. NF-кB –dependent signature of doxorubicin was identified by gene expression microarrays in breast cancer cells treated with doxorubicin and the IKKβ-inhibitor MLN120B, and confirmed ex vivo in human cancer samples. The association with p53 was functionally validated. Finally, NF-кB activation and p53 status was determined in a cohort of breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant doxorubicin-based chemotherapy. Doxorubicin treatment in the p53-mutated MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in NF-кB driven-gene transcription signature. Modulation of genes related with invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance ( ICAM-1 , CXCL1 , TNFAIP3 , IL8 ) were confirmed in additional doxorubicin-treated cell lines and fresh primary human breast tumors. In both systems, p53-deficient background correlated with the activation of the NF-кB –dependent signature. Furthermore, restoration of p53WT in the mutant p53 MDA-MB-231 cells impaired NF-кB driven transcription induced by doxorubicin. Moreover, a p53 deficient background and nuclear NF-кB /p65 in breast cancer patients correlated with reduced disease free-survival. This study supports that p53 deficiency is necessary for a doxorubicin driven NF-кB -response that limits doxorubicin cytotoxicity in breast cancer and is linked to an aggressive clinical behavior.
En parlar de quimica sovint els estudiants associen la classe a formular i calcular i aixi acaben amb un cert desencis respecte al que esperavem d’una classe de ciencies. En aquest article es proposen unes quantes activitats practiques tant per als que s’inicien en la quimica com per a estudiants que ja n’han seguit algun curs.
En este articulo se presenta un conjunto de actividades para realizar preferentemente en el segundo ciclo de la ESO que tie-nen corno finalidad dar a conocer los efectos de las diferentes radiaciones electromagneticas en la atmosfera y en las plantas.
Para ilustrar el fenomeno de la osmosis se presentan dos experiencias sencillas que pueden realizarse con materiales cotidianos (patatas, huevos, agua, sal, vinagre...), tanto a nivel cualitativo como cuantitativo.