The purpose of this study is to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in the elderly population.A methodological study was conducted as a confirmatory factor analysis. Totally, 598 elderly people were selected through cluster sampling. In addition to analyzing the three-factor structure of PSQI, internal consistency reliability, structural validity, and its concurrent validity were examined. The structural credibility of PSQI was examined using other similar tools such as Sleep Health, Epworth Sleepiness, Insomnia Severity, Global Sleep Assessment, and Berlin indices. Finally, the concurrent criterion validity of PSQI was evaluated through multivariable regression analysis and all statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS and AMOS software.The reliability of the test according to Cronbach's alpha was 0.81. Confirmatory factor analysis indicators supported goodness of fit of the structural equation model. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the ratio of χ2/ DF was 2.66 for the three-factor structure of PSQI and the goodness of fit indices of model were acceptable for this structural model (RMSEA=0.053, CFI=0.98, TLI=0.96, NFI=0.97, GFI=0.99). In addition, the internal consistency of the PSQI was 0.81 and the scales correlation score ranged from 0.48 to 0.71.The results indicated that Persian version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index had the required validity and reliability for the elderly population of Iran and it can be used as a useful tool by other studies.
Background: Insomnia is one of the most common problems in the old adults. Sleep disorder increases with age and it is caused by, among many, physiological, psycho-sociological, and pharmacological factors. This study was performed to compare sleep hygiene, sleepiness, and insomnia in elderly men and women.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with statistical population of all men and women older than 60 years. Totally, 598 subjects were selected using randomly clustered sampling method. Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests.
Results: The mean scores of sleep health, sleepiness, and severity of insomnia in male participants were 29.01, 7.79, and 8.43, respectively. These figures in the female participants were 28.48, 7.39, and 9.86, respectively. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the elderly men and women regarding the severity of insomnia while there was no significant difference in terms of the rate of sleepiness and sleep hygiene score (P greater than 0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that insomnia was significantly more common in elderly women than elderly males. Sleep hygiene and sleepiness in elderly men and women were not significantly different.
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