K. Baird

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

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R.A. Foulds

New Jersey Institute of Technology

I.M. Stuart

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

Hussein M. Elsanadedy

King Saud University

Jon D. Williams

AbbVie (United States)

I. M. Treloar

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

L. J. Smith

University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Maria Q. Feng

Columbia University

P. Nordon

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

H. D. Pleasance

Australian Road Research Board

J. E. Algie

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

Cooperative Institutions

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

Woolmark (Australia)

University of California, Irvine

Irvine University

King Saud University

Helwan University

American University in Cairo

Marymount University

AbbVie (United States)

Research Triangle Park Foundation

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A New Test for Bending Length

Textile Research Journal (1966)

I.M. Stuart K. Baird

10.1177/004051756603600112

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Citations (15)

Wearing and Washing Performance of Wool/Nylon Blend Socks

Textile Research Journal (1971)

K. Baird H. G. David

Three wearer trials of mens socks are described. The trials tested the efficacy of the shrinkproofing treatments and the effect of blend ratio upon wear life. The 80/20 wool/nylon socks had about three times the wear life of similar pure wool socks. No socks failed through shrinkage. The wear life was unaffected by the type of shrinkproofing treatment. The socks which lost least fiber during wear and which retained the best appearance were those which had been treated with resin after manufacture. Irrespective of blends socks appear to be in moisture equilibrium with RH between 65 and 85%.

SOCKS

10.1177/004051757104100706

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Citations (3)

20—THE FELTING SHRINKAGE OF PLAIN-KNITTED WOOL FABRICS: ITS DEPENDENCE ON RESIN LEVEL, COVER FACTOR, AND WASH ACTION FOR A SOLVENT–RESIN TREATMENT

Journal of the Textile Institute (1974)

K. Baird R.A. Foulds H. D. Pleasance I. M. Treloar

An investigation is described in which a commercial polyurethane resin, Synthappret LKF, was applied at various levels from solvent to a series of plain-knitted wool fabrics in conventional industrial dry-cleaning plant. The efficacy of the treatment was assessed by the performance of the fabrics when washed under different conditions. Shrinkage rates are shown to be very dependent on cover factor and treatment level, this dependence increasing at higher cover factors and for greater resin additions.

Shrinkage

10.1080/00405007408630445

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Citations (2)

Felting Shrinkage of Plain-Knitted Wool Fabrics

Textile Research Journal (1970)

K. Baird R.A. Foulds

Shrinkage

10.1177/004051757004000708

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Citations (11)

Temperature and Moisture Regain of Wool Fabrics During Steam Pressing

Textile Research Journal (1968)

K. Baird

10.1177/004051756803800616

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Citations (6)

Changes of Curvature with Regain of Set Wool and Hair Fibers

Textile Research Journal (1963)

K. Baird

10.1177/004051756303301016

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Citations (7)

Density–Energy Relationships in Explosive Compaction of Metal Powders

Powder Metallurgy (1987)

K. Baird Jon D. Williams

Powders of copper, iron, APK1 superalloy, and RSR aluminium alloy have been compacted in steel tubes of varying wall thickness using Trimonite explosive. It was assumed that compaction occurred by a rapid acceleration of the tube wall, which in turn collapsed on to the metal powder to effect compaction. The maximum tube velocity was estimated on the basis of a relationship applicable to the acceleration of flat plates under the influence of detonating explosives. Empty tubes were collapsed explosively to determine the energy absorbed during collapse to a specified strain. In compaction tests, the energy required to compact the powder was determined by subtracting the tube deformation energy from the total initial kinetic energy of the tube. The results show that definite relationships exist between the specific kinetic energy applied to the powder and the compacted density achieved. These relationships are similar to relationships established between applied pressure and compacted density in isostatic and die compaction. PM/0449

Metal powder

Aluminium powder

10.1179/pom.1987.30.4.281

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Citations (8)

Dimensional Stability of Woven Wool Fabrics: Hygral Expansion

Textile Research Journal (1963)

K. Baird

In worsted fabrics, one factor contributing to lack of dimensional stability is the reversible change of dimensions that takes place with regain changes, here termed hygral expansion. The hygral expansion of ten worsted fabrics is studied, and it is shown that the yarn and fabric behavior can be explained in terms of the bending and straightening of single fiber arcs. The observed change of arc radius from dry to wet is about 50%, and when this figure is applied to the geometry of the weave, quantitative predictions of the hygral expansion of the yarn can be satisfactorily made. Such a large change of curvature in single fibers cannot arise from radial swelling alone, and it is suggested that with regain changes, the fibers behave in a way that is analogous to the behavior of bimetal strips with temperature changes. Such a mechanism is possible because of the bilateral structure of the fibers, with different longitudinal swelling of the two segments. Since the fibers are preferentially oriented in the fabric, this mechanism can play a dominant role in yarn and fabric behavior. The hygral expansion increases with increased setting, probably because the yarns no longer tend to revert to their straight form at high regain. Correspondingly, there is a reduction in the reaction forces between yarns at the points of intersection; the higher these reaction forces are, the greater the restriction that is put upon hygral expansion. Some applications of hygral expansion—to measurements of relaxation shrinkage and assessment and effectiveness of mill machines—are discussed.

Worsted

Shrinkage

Arc length

Expansion ratio

10.1177/004051756303301219

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Citations (31)

Felting Shrinkage and Dimensional Properties of Hand-Knitted Wool Fabrics

Textile Research Journal (1970)

K. Baird

Hand-knitted fabrics were made on three sizes of needles using shrink resist-treated and untreated wool yams of three counts. The dimensional constants and felting shrinkage behavior of the fabrics were determined. In general, the properties were similar to those of machine-knitted fabrics, although in all states of relaxation, the course-spacing was less for the hand knits, and the dependence of shrinkage rate on cover factor was also somewhat lower than for machine knits.

Shrinkage

Fabric structure

10.1177/004051757004001203

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Citations (4)

The Felting of Wool Fabrics Washed at Various Values of pH, and the Isoelectric Point Determined by Streaming Potential Measurements

Textile Research Journal (1974)

J. E. Algie K. Baird R.A. Foulds V. N. E. Robinson

The zeta potentials of wools treated by chlorination and by chlorine/Hercosett have been found to differ markedly. Fabrics made from the two wools and from a blend of the two were washed together at two values of pH. Under these conditions there is no evidence that surface charge effects make any contribution to felting shrinkage.

Shrinkage

Zeta potential

Streaming current

10.1177/004051757404401008

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Citations (15)