An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Abstract The front cover artwork is provided by Dr. Xiao‐Ying Lu from Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong and her collaborators from Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute and South University of Science and Technology of China. The image shows facile synthesis of ultrathin hexagonal Co 3 O 4 nanosheets with reactive facets and mesopores by a general polyethyleneimine‐mediated strategy for high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/celc.201500377 .
Due to the instability of motor speeds, asynchrony in trigger systems, and mechanical factors, the use of continuous dual-rotating compensator (DRC)-Mueller matrix ellipsometer (MME) is limited. And the stepping one is more often used on an extremely wide spectrum measuring range. However, its long measuring time limits its use. To solve this problem, we propose a weighed factor to judge the stability and robustness of this ellipsometer. This factor describes the performance of ellipsometers better than the condition number. We use this factor as the merit function to optimize the configuration of a 16-point measurement system with an improved genetic algorithm (IGA). Repeated measurement experiments on SiO2 films revealed that the optimal configuration considerably increased the measurement speed, without a notable decrease in measurement precision. The findings are not only aimed at the optimization of stepping DRC-MMEs; the IGA can also be used for other multiparameter optimization issues, and the weighed factor can be applied for the parameter optimization of other MMEs.
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)-based nanoadsorbents have gained widespread attention due to their superiority in removing toxic heavy metal ions. Considering that the inherent structure of the material determines its performance, it is important to fully understand the effect of different crystals of CaCO3 on the removal of heavy metals. On the other hand, the difficult separation of nanoadsorbents during in situ remediation may cause the potential risk of secondary pollution by the remaining adsorbents. Herein, the magnetic calcium carbonate adsorbents with nanostructure (MCCR-X, X represent the annealing temperature) were fabricated with a tunable crystal structure of CaCO3 by adjusting the annealing temperature. Results from batch experiments revealed the crystal structure (CaCO3)-dependent adsorption performance of MCCRs toward Pb(II) and Cd(II). MCCR-350 with an aragonite phase showed the outstanding adsorption toward both Pb(II) and Cd(II) with maximum adsorption capacity of 1179 and 821 mg/g, and MCCR-RAW with a vaterite/aragonite phase also has similar adsorption properties. However, MCCR-550 with the calcite phase displayed a superhigh adsorption toward Pb(II) only but very weak adsorption toward Cd(II) with a capacity of 1350 and 30 mg/g in the initial concentration of 300 mg/g. The findings indicated that the efficiently tunable removal of the heavy metal ion Pb(II) or Cd(II) by MCCRs can be realized by regulating the crystal phase of CaCO3. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technology (XPS) was employed to clarify the possible mechanism of the crystal phase of CaCO3-dependent adsorption ability for Pb(II)/Cd(II) removal by MCCRs. This work provides an understanding of the crystal-structure-related adsorption properties of CaCO3 and also gives guidance for designing a CaCO3-based adsorbent for removal/recovery of heavy metal ions.
The ever-increasing prevalence of microplastics and different bisphenols made the presence of bisphenol-attached microplastics a critical concern. In this study, experiments were performed to examine desorption behaviors and cytotoxicity performance of contaminated microplastics in aquatic surroundings and intestinal environment after ingestion by organisms (cold-/warm-blooded). The kinetic study shows that the rate of desorption for bisphenols can be enhanced threefold under simulated warm intestinal conditions. The Freundlich isotherms indicate multiple-layer desorption of the bisphenols on the heterogeneous surfaces of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics. Hysteresis was detected in the adsorption/desorption of bisphenols in a water environment, but no adsorption/desorption hysteresis was observed in the simulated intestinal conditions of warm-blooded organisms. Due to enhanced bioaccessibility, the desorption results imply that the environmental risk of contaminated PVC microplastics may be significantly increased after ingestion at a high bisphenols dosage. Although with different IC50, the five bisphenols released under the intestinal conditions of warm-blooded organisms can cause higher proliferation reduction in fish and human cell lines than the bisphenols released in water. This study helps elucidate the consequential fate and potential cytotoxicity of contaminated microplastics and the possible implications of the microplastics as a critical vector for bisphenols to increase the potential health risks.
Microplastics (MPs) serve as unconventional platforms for microorganisms and vectors for pollutants and pathogens in aquatic ecosystems. This study explored the dynamics of microbial colonization and biofilm formation on MPs, a key factor in their ecological impact, using five common MP types─poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polylactic acid (PLA), and polypropylene (PP)─incubated in an aquaculture pond for 128 days. The biofilm biomass increased by 173–617% compared with original samples, especially PP- and PE-MPs (OD 595 nm = 0.30 and 0.28, respectively). Driven by the inherent properties of MPs, biofilm biomass and microbial community structure differed significantly across the MP types, leading to varied changes in hydrophobicity and surface morphology. Differences in physicochemical properties cause each MP type to selectively enrich specific microbes, profoundly influencing biofilm formation and MP degradation potential. Notably, PP- and PE-MPs supported rich, mature biofilms conducive to carbon cycling and biofilm development, while PET-MPs attracted more abundant plastic degraders, like Pseudomonas. The study also highlighted the enrichment of pathogens on MPs, indicating potential environmental and human health risk. These findings illuminate the complex interactions between MP characteristics and biofilm dynamics, enhancing understanding of MPs' environmental behaviors and fates in aquatic settings.
Remediation of lead pollution is of great significance to water and sediment, in which Pb plays an important role and is leading the way. Therefore, the control of lead pollution has become the most concerning environmental issue at present. Among many removal techniques for polluted river sediment, immobilization is a cost-effective remediation technology. Biochar (BC) derived from the straw stalk was developed based on the recycling of agricultural byproducts, and further, the biomass was treated with calcium hydroxide to obtain a modified biochar (BCC). The immobilization mechanism on Pb removal by BC and BCC was deeply investigated through combination with Pb(II)-targeted adsorption in aqueous solution. In addition, the immobilization effect was also evaluated by using the TCLP and modified TCLP (−28 days) methods for river sediment. The leaching concentration was beyond the Chinese criteria for hazardous waste (5 mg/L, GB5085–2007) after 18 h and it did not exceed the limit of 0.75 after 2 days for BCC, the performance of which is much better than that of BC. What's more, pH remained relatively stable (around 4.5 for BCC) in the whole leaching period. The composition of C-containing groups on the surface of the biochars showed that the weight of carboxyl groups was increased after modification (from 2.66 to 19.94%), whereas carboxyl groups were decreased after adsorption for Pb(II) (from 19.94 to 8.51% for the BCC). A series of batch studies suggested that metal adsorption by BC/BCC occurs by both chemical reduction and complexation processes that follow a Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.99) and pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.99). The adsorption results indicated that the maximum adsorption capacity of BCC was up to 913.0 mg/g. Therefore, the removal mechanisms of Pb(II) can be summarized as electrostatic attraction, cation exchange, and metal/functional group exchange reactions for a surface inner-sphere complex or coprecipitation.
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