Intelligent Teaching Systems (ITS) perspectives are the subject matter of this paper, specifically focusing on how these systems could be used to improve educational outcomes. The study conducted a survey using educators from different education levels, and the findings showed that it greatly benefits the students in terms of enhancing engagement and exposing learning disparities and individual differences among the learners. Nonetheless, some of the main concerns are data privacy, low usability, and inadequate technical support, which becomes a significant concern to ITS adoption. Privacy was the most bracing issue for 60% of the participants, who were anxious over data privacy and had inherent biases within the algorithms. Several concerns on usability were also raised by educators who reported inadequate training materials and difficulties in incorporating ITS with conventional teaching-learning methods. This work also emphasizes moderation, where ITS supplements human tutor guidance, enabling educators to incorporate flexible system learning while maintaining human affinity, sensitivity, and adaptability. This research provides valuable information on areas needing ITS focus in the future, such as ethical guidelines, proper training, and better access as the groundwork for proper ITS development.
Introduction: Placenta previa occurs when a baby's placenta partially or totally covers the mother's cervix or the outlet for the uterus.The aim of this descriptive retrospective cohort study was to identify maternal complications, placental position, mode of delivery, management and fetal outcomes in Placenta Previa (PP) and Morbidly adherent placenta Materail and methods: Study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pak Red Crescent Medical and Dental College (PRCM&DC) Hospital Lahore from June 2017 to June 2019.A total of 62 pregnant women were registered.All booked and un-booked mothers with and without history of previous section with provisional clinical and/or USG diagnosis of Placenta Previa or MAP.Results: In total, 62 patients with PP were identified 22.58% patients with morbidly adherent placenta were unbooked and other wise are booked.61.2% patients were the age group between 20-30 years and remaining are more than 30 years.In 25.8% type IV placenta previa and same 25.8% are morbidly adherent placenta and remaining are type I,II &III PP.Placenta previa, only 6.45% cases were diagnosed in 2 nd trimester and 93.5% cases were diagnosed in 3 rd trimester. Conclusion:Placenta Previa and Morbidly adherent placenta are not a very uncommon condition.Frequency of Incidence increases as the rate of cesarean section or abdominal surgery were increases.Early diagnoses and pre plan mode of delivery will decrease the risk of low birth weight and low APGAR score infants.
Introduction: FDP is an integral part of any organization to improve the expertise and skills of the faculty that is needed to indorse educational excellence. It is an important tool to enhance student learning and ultimate patient care. To get maximum benefit it must be well formed, properly executed and evaluated. Needs of faculty and institution play important role in organizing faculty development program. Aims & Objective. Current study was conducted to explore professional needs of medical faculty required for implementation of integrated curriculum in various medical colleges of Lahore. Material & Method: This is a descriptive cross sectional study conducted during the period of August to October 2019. Online google form was developed to identify the area of concern. It has two parts, demographic and faculty need assessment. Need assessment questionnaire having six domain (teaching and learning, assessment, curriculum, research, publication and community services) that comprises of 38 items. Each item has five point Likert scale (Strongly disagree to strongly agree). Link of this form was share with the medical faculty through whatsApp and email. Medical teaching faculty were asked to fill the survey form. Result: The response rate was 73%. All Participants exhibited more interest in areas especially teaching competance(70%), publication competence(78%), community services(69%). Whereas express comparatively less interest in research competence(63%), curriculum(63%) and assessment(60%). Conclusion: Need assessment is basic and fundamental part of any FDP. This survey enabled us to identify the concerns of our faculty and areas that needs enhancement in faculty development program. Keywords: Faculty development program, integrated curriculum , need assesssment
Introduction: Nеоnаtаl ѕерѕіѕ is one of the most common cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in Pakistan and worldwide so the present study was aimed tо evaluate frequency and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacteria associated with nеоnаtаl ѕерѕіѕ in Paediatric Intensive Care Unit of a teaching hospital in Lahore, Pakistan.Material and methods: It was an observational, crosssectional study conducted at Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Dераrtmеnt оf Раеdіаtrіϲѕ, Arif Memorial Hospital, Lahore from 1st July 2018 till 31st December 2018.Total 166 Nеоnаtеѕ (1 -28 dауѕ оf lіfе) ԝіth neonatal sepsis were included in this study.Nеоnаtеѕ ԝіth grоѕѕ ϲоngеnіtаl mаlfоrmаtіоn or those who had already received any antibiotic ԝеrе еxϲludеd frоm thе ѕtudу.Аll those nеоnаtеѕ ԝhо mеt thе іnϲluѕіоn ϲrіtеrіа were further investigated in laboratory (ϲоmрlеtе blооd ϲоunt, рrоthrоmbіn tіmе, and blооd ϲulturеѕ).Positive Blood cultures were checked for their sensitivity to various antibiotics.Rеѕultѕ: Thе mеаn аgе of cases ԝаѕ 17.3±7 dауѕ.Gender distribution was 90 (54.2%) mаlеs аnd 76 (45.8%) fеmаlеs.Out of total 166 cases, 100 (60.2%) had еаrlу оnѕеt nеоnаtаl ѕерѕіѕ аnd 66 (39.8%) had lаtе оnѕеt ѕерѕіѕ.History of Preterm Рrеmаturе ruрturе оf mеmbrаnе was present in 24.6%.Thе mоѕt ϲоmmоn оrgаnіѕm іѕоlаtеd on blооd culture was Klеbѕіеllа рnеumоnіае (38.29%) fоllоԝеd bу Еscherichia ϲоlі (23.40%) аnd Stарhуlоϲоϲϲuѕ аurеuѕ (17.02%).Klebsiella was sensitive to Amikacin, Gentamycin and Ciprofloxacin in 100% cases, while it was resistant to Ampicillin in 100% cases.Cоncluѕіоn: Іt іѕ ϲоnϲludеd frоm our ѕtudу thаt Klеbѕіеllа pneumoniae iѕ thе mоѕt ϲоmmоn оrgаnіѕm fоr nеоnаtаl ѕерѕіѕ and it is ѕеnѕіtіvе tо ϲоmmоn аntіbіоtіϲѕ.
Background & Objective: The desire for fairer skin has become a global phenomenon, with colonial remnants in South Asia being identified as contributory factors to the perception of white skin as supreme. Skin lightening products (SLPs) are commonly used to reduce melanin concentration in the skin and achieve a lighter complexion. While SLPs can be medicated for treating hyperpigmented disorders and other skin conditions, their predominant use is for brightening the skin tone. Aim: To investigate the prevalence of SLP usage among males and females in the young generation in Lahore, Pakistan, and assess their knowledge and perception of the associated risks. Additionally, the study will examine the ingredients commonly found in SLPs and their potential adverse effects. Methodology: The instrument employed for the study was self-administered Questionnaire designed by the researcher. The data collected were analyzed as descriptive and bivariate using percentages, mean and median. Result: The study found that a significant percentage of young males and females in Lahore, Pakistan, use skin-lightening products, with social media and advertisements influencing their knowledge about these products. While participants were aware of potential harm from skin-lightening creams, many could not identify the active ingredients. Study highlighted the need for more inclusive beauty standards and consumer education campaigns. The study's results contribute valuable insights into the multifaceted landscape of skin tone perceptions, skin whitening product usage, and the associated complexities. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of considering cultural, psychological, and health-related aspects.
Systemic mastocytosis is a rare hematologic disorder characterized by the clonal proliferation of mast cells in extra-cutaneous organs. This disease can be further subdivided into five different phenotypes: indolent systemic mastocytosis (ISM), smoldering systemic mastocytosis (SSM), aggressive systemic mastocytosis (ASM), systemic mastocytosis with an associated hematological neoplasm (SM-AHN) and mast cell leukemia (MCL). The tyrosine kinase inhibitor (and also potent KIT D816V inhibitor) avapritinib, initially approved for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) bearing a PDGFRA exon 18 mutation, also showed great promise in patients with systemic mastocytosis, a disease known to be driven by a mutation in KIT (D816V). We present an overview of this rare disorder, including a review of the current understanding of the genetic mechanisms which lead to the disease state, the action of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as well as the latest clinical trial data which led to the current recommendations for the use of avapritinib.
Hospital Lahore from 12 th Feb 2009 to 11 th Aug 2009. Inclusion criteriaThe patients undergoing episiotomy were age between 20-35 years and of any parity with gestational age between 37-41 weeks.Patients were afebrile with Hb level > 10gm / dl and A B S T R A C TIntroduction: An episiotomy is a surgical incision of the perineum, made to increase the diameter of introitus during child birth.Current study aimed to compare the outcome of clean episiotomy with and without postoperative antibiotic cover.Material and methods: A Randomized control was done in the department of gynecology and obstetrics, combined military hospital Lahore, over a period of six months form 12-05-2009 to 11-11-2009.Total 1000 cases were included in this study (five hundred cases in each group).Mediolateral episiotomy was given to all the patients, interrupted stitches of absorbable suture i.e catgut number, zero applied to all patients.Results: Mean age was 27.4±4.3with antibiotics.In group A (with antibiotics) 6 patients (1.2%) get infected and 494 patients (98.8%) remained healthy.In group B (without antibiotics) 12 Patients (2.4%) get infected and remaining 488 (97-6%).The complication of episiotomy infection, bruising, swelling, bleeding, extended healing time, haematoma formation, painful scar which may require period remained healthy.In group A, out of the 6(1.2%) infected case, 4(0.8%) women were presented with discharge and pus from the wound and 2 patients (0.4%) with gaped wound.While in group B, out of 12(2.4%)cases, 7 women (1.4%) were having discharge/pus coming out of the wound and 5 patients (1.0%) were having gaped wound.Conclusion: Short term antimicrobial prophylaxis regimen does not possess significant role in preventing clean surgical wound infection role working condition in respect to environment, i.e standard of labour suite, operation theater, expertise and aseptic measures should be improved to achieve better results
Cognition is the scientific term referring to the mental processes involved in gaining an understanding of knowledge including, judging, thinking, reasoning, knowing, remembering, and problem-solving. Objective: To observe metacognition's impact on medical students' academic achievement. Methods: It was a cross-sectional analytical study. Three medical colleges were surveyed to obtain data from second-year medical students. The data from the Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI) and each student's first-year academic achievement information were collected from January to June 2021. A simple random sampling procedure. Academic performance was a dependent variable, while the metacognitive score was an independent variable. Three hundred thirty-two students participated in the survey. Results: With a correlation coefficient value of 0.257, the findings indicated a significant link between metacognition and academic success (p 0.01). Metacognition levels among medical students from various colleges are nearly identical. Conclusions: Current study findings have shown that all three dimensions are positively and strongly correlated to each other.
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