The nectin cell adhesion molecule 2 (NECTIN2) protein is a cell adhesion molecule involved in lipid metabolism. We aimed to explore the potential role of NECTIN2 in carotid atherosclerosis (CA).Patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA) at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were enrolled in this study. APOE-/- rats fed western or normal diet were used to model early pathological changes in CA. The relationship between patients' lipid indices and plaque severity was assessed using ordinal regression analysis. Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis was used to determine the causal links between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and atherosclerosis. After matching analysis of the single-cell transcriptome and microarray data of carotid plaques, NECTIN2 was identified as a key factor affecting CA. The importance of NECTIN2 was further verified by immunofluorescence staining of CEA and APOE-/- rat specimens.A total of 108 patients were included. The traditional lipid indices did not correlate significantly with the plaque severity (P > 0.05). NECTIN2 provided a strong causal link between LDL-C level and CA (MR effect size >0). Deep-sequencing data illustrated that NECTIN2 expression was cell specific. In early-stage CA, NECTIN2 expression was increased in endothelial cells; however, in advanced-stage CA, NECTIN2 was overexpressed in macrophages located in fibrous caps. APOE-/- rat carotid artery and human carotid plaques modelled the entire atherosclerotic process, showing an upregulation of NECTIN2 expression in CA.Lipid-related protein NECTIN2 is a potential marker in CA progression and can potentially be a new therapeutic target for clinical prevention.
A novel non‐synonymous (Gly307Ser) variant, rs763361, of the CD226 gene on chromosome 18q22 was recently shown to be associated with multiple autoimmune diseases. Taking into consideration that different autoimmune diseases may share some common pathogenic pathways, in this study we performed case–control studies to assess any genetic linkage with systemic lupus erythemtosus (SLE). An association between the Gly307Ser single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and susceptibility to SLE was identified. The TT genotype [odds ratio (OR) = 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07–3.01, P = 0.025] and the T allele (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.05–1.74, P = 0.018) of the rs763361 SNP were associated with the risk of SLE. This finding indicates that polymorphism of Gly307Ser (rs763361) in exon 7 of the CD226 gene may be associated with the development of SLE.
Abstract Background: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) ranks second among nosocomial infections in elderly patients after lung infections. Improper treatment can lead to death. This study analysed the risk factors, pathogen distribution, clinical characteristics and outcomes of CAUTI in elderly inpatients with a large sample size to provide evidence for clinical prevention and control. Methods: Based on the HIS and LIS, a case‒control study was conducted on all hospitalized patients with indwelling urinary catheters ≥60 years old from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2022, and the patients were divided into the CAUTI group and the non-CAUTI group. Results: CAUTI occurred in 182 of 7295 patients, and the infection rate was 3.4/per 1000 catheter days. Urine pH ≥6.5, moderate dependence or severe dependence in the classification of self-care ability, age ≥74 years, male sex, hospitalization ≥14 days, indwelling urinary catheter ≥10 days, diabetes and malnutrition were independent risk factors for CAUTI ( P <0.05). A total of 276 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected in urine samples of 182 CAUTI patients at different times during hospitalization. The main pathogens were gram-negative bacteria (n=132, 47.83%), followed by gram-positive bacteria (n=91, 32.97%) and fungi (n=53, 19.20%). Fever, abnormal procalcitonin, positive urinary nitrite and abnormal urination function were the clinical characteristics of elderly CAUTI patients ( P <0.001). Once CAUTI occurred in elderly patients, the hospitalization days were increased by 18 days, the total hospitalization cost increased by￥18,000, and discharge all-cause mortality increased by 2.314 times ( P ＜0.001). Conclusion: The situation of CAUTI in the elderly is not optimistic，it is easy to have a one-person multi-bacterial infection, and the proportion of fungal infection is not low. Urine pH ≥ 6.5, moderate or severe dependence on others and malnutrition were rare risk factors for elderly CAUTI in previous studies. Our study analysed the clinical characteristics of CAUTI in the elderly through a large sample size, which provided a reliable basis for its diagnosis and identified the adverse outcome of CAUTI.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is one of the human herpesvirus, which infects more than 90% of the global population (1). EBV infection causes the disorder of the immune system and has an essential role in the development of cancers (2).
Aerobic exercise, which has been shown to have beneficial effects on plasma lipids, has been recommended as an effective measure to improve the prognosis of individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD). Apolipoprotein C3 (apoC3) is associated with hypertriglyceridemia and is therefore closely related to CHD.We measured apoC3 concentration change in patients with CHD before and after long-term aerobic exercise.Thirty-eight patients with coronary heart disease were randomly assigned to a non-exercise group (19 patients) or exercise group (19 patients). Both groups received essential drugs for CHD. The non-exercise group was kept sedentary while the exercise group performed moderate-intensive aerobic exercise for 8 weeks. Lipid levels and apoC3 levels were measured on the first day and 8 weeks later.Exercise for 8 weeks led to a significant decrease in concentration of triglyceride and apoC3 compared with the baseline. Triglyceride concentration changes were positively associated with apoC3 level changes.Aerobic exercise can improve the lipid profile. It is effective in decreasing triglycerides by targeting apoC3 levels in patients with coronary heart disease.
Aim To investigate expression of farnesoid X receptor(FXR) in murine macrophage cell line ANA-1 and evaluate the effect of FXR agonist chenodexycholic acid(CDCA)on the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) in ANA-1 cells.Methods ANA-1 cells were cultured and treated with FXR agonist CDCA.The mRNA level of FXR and MCP-1 were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Western blot was used to assess the expression of FXR and MCP-1 protein level.Results FXR expressed in ANA-1 cells and acted in an autoregulatory fashion.CDCA significantly reduced MCP-1 mRNA and protein level in ANA-1 cells(P0.05).Conclusions FXR experss in murine macrophage cell line ANA-1.After activated by CDCA,FXR may downregulate MCP-1 directly or indirectly.
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