Abstract Electrochemically reducing CO 2 to more reduced chemical species is a promising way that not only enables the conversion of intermittent energy resources to stable fuels, but also helps to build a closed-loop anthropogenic carbon cycle. Among various electrocatalysts for electrochemical CO 2 reduction, multifunctional metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been employed as highly efficient and selective heterogeneous electrocatalysts due to their ultrahigh porosity and topologically diverse structures. Up to now, great progress has been achieved in the design and synthesis of highly active and selective MOF-related catalysts for electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR), and their corresponding reaction mechanisms have been thoroughly studied. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of applying MOFs and their derivatives in CO 2 RR, with a focus on the design strategies for electrocatalysts and electrolyzers. We first discussed the reaction mechanisms for different CO 2 RR products and introduced the commonly applied electrolyzer configurations in the current CO 2 RR system. Then, an overview of several categories of products (CO, HCOOH, CH 4 , CH 3 OH, and multi-carbon chemicals) generated from MOFs or their derivatives via CO 2 RR was discussed. Finally, we offer some insights and perspectives for the future development of MOFs and their derivatives in electrochemical CO 2 reduction. We aim to provide new insights into this field and further guide future research for large-scale applications.
Children are highly susceptible to influenza and are at high risk for severe cases. Chinese patent medicine (CPM) offers advantages in treating pediatric influenza, but the issue of its improper use is increasingly prevalent in clinical practice. To address this, we adopted a dual leadership approach involving clinical and methodological experts, guided by evidence-based and clinical practice principles. We referred to existing guidelines, consensus statements, and treatment protocols, and designed relevant clinical questions based on the “3 specific” principles: specific CPM, specific disease stages, and specific outcomes. This allowed us to conduct evidence-based evaluations of the efficacy and application of CPMs specifically designed for children or with pediatric dosages. Using the “Checklist for Reporting Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicines V1.0” developed by our research team, we formulated recommendations for CPM. Ultimately, 13 CPMs were recommended, providing clinicians with references on “how to select medication” and “how to use medication.”
The present study employed the social-ecological diathesis-stress model as a theoretical framework to extend previous research by examining the underlying mechanism and conditional process that contribute to the positive association between bullying victimization and internalizing problems among adolescents. A moderated mediation model involving peer autonomy support and self-esteem was tested using a sample of 1723 adolescents (50.7% girls; Mage = 12.79, SD = 1.58), who completed questionnaires assessing internalizing problems, bullying victimization, peer autonomy support, and self-esteem. The findings revealed that self-esteem partially mediated the positive association between bullying victimization and adolescents' internalizing problems. Specifically, bullying victimization was inversely related to self-esteem, which, in turn, was negatively associated with internalizing problems. Further moderation analyses demonstrated that these direct and indirect associations varied based on levels of peer autonomy support. Simple slope analyses specifically indicated that (a) peer autonomy support buffered against the negative association of bullying victimization with self-esteem and internalizing problems, and (b) peer autonomy support mitigated the negative association of self-esteem with internalizing problems. The elucidation of this mechanism and conditional process holds important implications for early interventions and prevention efforts aimed at mitigating the detrimental association of bullying victimization with adolescents' healthy emotional functions.
This study aimed to investigate the possible effects and underlying mechanisms of Kangzhi syrup on ovalbumin- (OVA-) induced cough variant asthma (CVA) in guinea pigs.All 48 guinea pigs were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: normal, OVA model with or without Kangzhi syrup (OVA and OVA + KZ), and OVA with Dexamethasone (OVA + DM). After sensitizing the guinea pigs, a cough challenge was performed by the inhalation of capsaicin. The antitussive effect, inflammatory cells, cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue, and morphological changes were examined.Compared with model group, Kangzhi syrup effectively exerted an antitussive effect (p < 0.0001) and reduced the pneumonic anaphylacticitis by inhibiting the infiltration of total inflammatory cells (p < 0.0001) and reducing the percentage of eosinophil in BALF (p < 0.0001). Moreover, evidence from morphological studies also demonstrated that Kangzhi syrup inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells and ameliorated the structure changes. NF-κB and TGF-β1 expression were attenuated in the OVA + KZ group versus the OVA group (p < 0.0001). Additionally, a semiquantitative analysis of TGF-β1 expression also demonstrated that the Kangzhi syrup attenuated this profibrogenic growth factor (p < 0.001).The results demonstrated that Kangzhi syrup exerted a considerable antitussive effect in CVA animal model, which depended on its marked impact on the anti-anaphylactic inflammation. Additionally, it could ameliorate the airway remodeling by inhibiting NF-κB and TGF-β1 signal pathway.
Abstract The Pringle maneuver (PM) is widely used during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) resection. However, it inevitably leads to ischemia and hypoxia, which promotes tumor metastasis. In this study, immunohistochemical staining of specimens from 130 HCC patients revealed that long-time PM significantly affected the prognosis of patients with high expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 5 ( SOCS5 ), but did not affect the prognosis of patients with low expression of SOCS5 . The TCGA database showed that patients with high expression of SOCS5 had higher hypoxia scores, and it was proved that SOCS5 could promote the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha ( HIF-1α ) protein by clinical tissue samples, cell experiments, lung metastases, and subcutaneous tumorigenesis experiments. Then, we used CoCl2 to construct a hypoxia model, and confirmed that SOCS5 knockdown resisted hypoxia-induced mitochondrial damage by inhibiting the expression of HIF-1α , thereby inhibiting the invasion and migration of HCC cells by immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, migration, invasion, and other experiments. We performed rescue experiments using LY294002 and rapamycin and confirmed that the knockdown of SOCS5-inhibited HCC cell invasion and migration by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling axis. More importantly, we obtained consistent conclusions from clinical, cellular, and animal studies that the hypoxia-induced invasion and migration ability of SOCS5 -inhibited HCC were weaker than that of normal HCC. In conclusion, we identified a novel role for SOCS5 in regulating HIF-1α -dependent mitochondrial damage and metastasis through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. The development of a SOCS5 -specific inhibitor, an indirect inhibitor of HIF-1α , might be effective at controlling PM-induced tumor micrometastases during HCC resection.
Aims: The current study aimed to examine the relationship between parental autonomy support and social competence among Chinese emerging adults, and explore whether social desirablity plays a mediating role between parental support and social competence. Methods: This study used cross-sectional and correlational design. Participants were 386 Chinese college students (72.8% girls) aged between 18 and 25 years. Data was collected via self-report questionnaires, including parental autonomy support (Genevie`ve A. Mageau, 2015), social desirablity (Karl Schuessler et al., 1978) and social competence(Valkenburg & Peter, 2008). Results: Structural equation modeling analysis controlling for age, gender and SES showed that (a) There was a significant positive correlation between parental autonomy support, social desirablity, and social competence; (b) Parental autonomy support was positively predicted to social desirablity and social competence; Social desirablity was positively predicted to social competence; (c) Social desirablity mediated the relationship between parental autonomy support and social competence.
Abstract Background: With the progress of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment methods, the incidence rate of extrahepatic metastasis (EHM) of HCC has increased, which has a significant impact on patient prognosis. Lipid metabolism reprogramming has emerged as an important feature of HCC. However, the prognostic potential of lipid metabolism-related genes in EHM of HCC has not been comprehensively studied. Methods: Sixty-five metastasis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from the GEO database. HCC patients in the TCGA database were used as the training cohort for hierarchical clustering, and specimens in the ICGC database were used as the validation cohort. Enrichment analysis was performed by GO, KEGG, and GSEA, and the validated lipid metabolism score methods were used to evaluate lipid metabolism levels. A LASSO regression model was applied to select prognostic genes and construct the LMRMS. The CIBERSORT algorithm and ssGSEA were used to estimate immune infiltration. qPCR and Western blotting were used to detect expression levels of the target genes. Results: First, we obtained two metastasis risk subtypes. The high metastasis risk group had a high lipid metabolism score and poor survival prognosis. Enrichment analysis showed that there were significant differences in a variety of lipid metabolism and drug metabolism pathways between the two subtypes. We further established an LMRMS. Immune infiltration showed different immune landscapes between the two subtypes. The LMRMS can effectively predict overall survival (OS), lipid metabolism level, different immune landscapes, and immunotherapy response and was well verified in the validation cohort. In vitro experiments confirmed that gene expression in the LMRMS was closely related to lipid metabolism, which is worthy of further study. Conclusions: We first studied the prognostic significance and immunometabolic landscape of lipid metabolism-related genes in EHM of HCC. We propose an LMRMS, which can provide vital guidance for early identification of high-risk EHM patients and individualized immunotherapy for patients with EHM of HCC.
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