Abstract Animal fleshing (ANFL) is generated as a solid waste from the tannery industries. The present study involved the use of hydrolyzed animal fleshing (HANFL) as a source of fertilizer for tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). The treatment involved four different strengths of HANFL: 25% (T1), 50% (T2), 75% (T3), 100% (T4), and recommended dose of NPK fertilizers (T5) with tap water serving as the control (C). Chlorophyll, carotenoid, and protein contents of leaves were estimated on 30, 60, and 90 d after transplantation. The application of HANFL has enhanced plant growth, yield and altered the overall biochemistry in proportion to the HANFL concentrations. The fruit quality of T4 treated plants was better in terms of protein, carbohydrate, and vitamins content than those of the other treatments. Hence, it was inferred that 100% HANFL boosted both growth and yield better than the other concentrations besides NPK fertilizer. Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum L.HANFNPKplant growthyieldLOF ACKNOWLEDGMENTS B. Ravindran is thankful to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and the Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), India, for awarding Senior Research Fellowship and providing all the facilities needed to carry out this work.
Rhizobium-legume symbiosis is one of the most well-established symbiotic nitrogen fixing system for agronomic studies. The current study aimed to test the hypothesis that screening for salt-tolerant rhizobial strains or salt-tolerant cultivar does not necessarily promise a salttolerant symbiotic system, as the symbiotic system is more sensitive to salt stress than the bacterium and/or the plant. In fact, the current study reveals that there is a decrease in salt tolerance of the symbiotic system by 1 dS/m , and also that there is a gradual shift in the spatial distribution of the nodules from the primary roots to the secondary roots under increased salt levels, and is time-dependant. Thus, the current study confirms that there is a need to screen for salt-tolerant symbiotic Rhizobium-legume system for producing efficient root nodules, thereby an efficient repository for nitrogen fixation
Application of bioactive peptides (BAPs) is promising due to their potential antimicrobial, antioxidant, agonistic, and ACE inhibition properties. To achieve a stable and active peptide at relatively high pH and temperatures by microbial fermentation, a wide variety of microorganisms need to be explored from diverse habitats, and compost is the excellent source. In an attempt to isolate potent protease-producing bacteria, gelatin-supplemented DM agar medium was used. Out of 140 pure cultures, initial protease production selects isolate D3L/1 (26 U/mL), and 16S rDNA sequencing confirmed it as Bacillus subtilis. Protease production was increased to 55.55 U/mL, with pH 7.5, 1% glucose, 1% casein, 1% ammonium sulfate, for 96 h of fermentation, at 37 °C under 140 rpm of shaking. Ion-exchange, and size-exclusion chromatography, 30 KDa protease was purified up to 4.1-fold (specific activity 3448.62 U/mL; 67.66% yield). The enzyme was active under broad temperatures (60 °C optimum), organic solvents, and pH variations. A total of 5% H2O2 can only reduce 40% of enzyme activity. However, 1 mM, Fe2+, and Cu2+ increased enzyme activity by five times. Soy hydrolysis (SPI) byD3L/1 protease produces bioactive compound (<3 KDa), which confirmed the peptide bond in the far UV region (205 nm, 215 nm, 225 nm, and 280 nm). The compound was ineffective towards Serratia marcescens but active against Escherechia coli (47%), Staphylococcus aureus (28%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12%).
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